Effectiveness of Celebrity in Brand Endorsement Essay

I receive enormous delight in thanking MKT 619 Instructor for permitting me to carry on work later than accepting my proposal for this project. I would like also like to situation my heartiest thanks to every one staff member of Virtual University for their kind support, guidance and useful suggestions, during my two years MBA with this University. I would like to thanks the Mobilink Indigo Telenor Persona Pakistan to support me during project. I would like to put into words my warm thanks to my parents for their blessings, my collaborator and my friends for their help for doing well completion of this project. Executive Summary This project is all about the primary research about the topic of Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement. This project describes that relationship by making the comparison between the two leading telecommunication companies of Pakistan i. e. Mobilink and Telenor. The package which I selected for my research of these telecommunication companies are Post paid package. For Mobilink I selected Mobilink-Indigo and for Telenor, I selected Telenor-Persona. Moreover these packages are running very effectively and gathered more customers in the country. Both companies are very mature in the telecommunication market sector of Pakistan. The major difference is the customization of the package which is launched by both companies. Mobilink Indigo acquire large market share as compared to Telenor-Persona. Now as far as the Research topic is concerned, the marketing of the both packages is done well by the respective companies. In the advertisement of Mobilink Indigo, Mobilink hired Shan (a leading Pakistani film actor) and in advertisement of Telenor Persona, Telenor hired Sohail Ahmed (a leading actor of TV, film and stage) and Babar Ali (a good film actor). Basically, the post-paid packages are designed for the corporate customers so both the companies portray a business atmosphere in their respective advertisements. A most important factor that the telecommunication companies will decide before launching the advertisement is the choice of the celebrity and the relationship of the personality with the atmosphere of the condition in which the advertisement will be performed. In this research, I first of all describe various factors that affect the relationship of Effectiveness of celebrity with brand endorsement and after that I researched on those factors by filling the questionnaires from the respondents from Lahore, Gujranwala, Sialkot, Gujrat and nearby areas. After gathering the primary data from the respondents and secondary data from other resources like newspapers, catalogues etc a statistical analysis including descriptive statistics and Regression analysis is applied and give the results. As we identify all, that there is a immense competition in their advertisement and this has previously taken the main part of income away. As per market experts nearer or later on there will be a great competition between the two companies as the values wars have go into extremely severe era plus it has become the query of support. Our secondary research includes the quality, branding, corporate social responsibility, atmosphere and the seasonal conditions. While primary research is focused on the Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement in near future 1. 2 Background of the project: Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement is essentially related to my present job and this will lead to do my project. The corporations that are allocating for comparison of usefulness of celebrity in brand endorsement for my final project are Mobilink Pakistan and Telenor Pakistan. These are main cellular corporations authorize the Pakistani citizens with the nearly all relevant message approach and services. This study has appeared on the exploration of Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement which has gained most important market share in Pakistan. 1. 3 Company’s introduction: Mobilink Indigo: [pic] Mobilink, a subordinate of the Orascom Telecom property, is Pakistan’s show the way cellular and Blackberry tune-up provider. In the company of more than 31. 6 million subscribers, Mobilink uphold market management throughout cutting-edge, included expertise, the strongest trademark and the biggest collection of price added services in the business, a broadband delivery service separation providing subsequently creation internet technology as well as the nation’s largest tone of voice and data system with further than eight thousand cell position. Accommodation Pakistan’s largest sharing and contact centre set of connections and an incomparable sixty five thousand kilometers fiber optic spine, Mobilink has previously spend more than US $3. 3 billion in the state to date and provide continuous nationwide connectivity, unmatched client services and worldwide wandering in over one fourth four countries. The company is also the executive cellular associate of the Pakistan Cricket panel. As an accountable corporate civilian, Mobilink also present a range of publicly inclusive products along with services enthusiastic to improve access to in order. Through Mobilink groundwork, the companies support instruction, health and environmental program and encourage sustainable industry practice. Mobilink offers completely designed duty plans that cater to the announcement needs of a varied group of people, from persons to businessmen to business and international. To achieve this goal, we recommend equally postpaid (Indigo) as well as prepaid (JAZZ) way out to our clientele. Compared to our competitors, both the postpaid (Indigo) and prepaid (JAZZ) trademark are the largest trademark of their type in the Pakistan cellular manufacturing. In addition to as long as superior voice message services that create the lives of millions with the purpose of much simple, we also suggest a congregation of value-added-services to our high-quality clientele. All together, Mobilink places far above the ground significance to its coverage, which is why we face you in 10,000 plus towns and city countrywide as well as over 140 nations on international roaming tune-up. In other words, we talk your words, all over. Telenor persona: [pic] Telenor Pakistan is hundred percent hold by Telenor ASA along with ads on to its process in Asia in somebody’s company with Thailand, Malaysia and Bangladesh. Telenor Pakistan start on its procedure in March two thousand five as the on its own largest through European asset in Pakistan, location superiority for more overseas investments in the telecom segment The company has fractious many high point and full-fledged in a number of information, create Telenor Pakistan a leading telecom worker of the state. Telenor is the greatest rising mobile system in the country, with coverage accomplishment deep into many of the furthest areas of Pakistan. In the most not easy terrains of the state, from the northern region to the wilderness in the south Telenor, spend heavily in communications growth With USD2 billion by now spend, with extended contract with their wholesaler for network growth and services. Telenor have a set of connections of twenty three company owned deal and service midpoint, more than two hundred franchisees as well as some one lack retail channel. The Telenor cluster is a worldwide provider of far above the ground superiority telecom, data and media message services with mobile procedure in thirteen markets crosswise the Nordic area, Central along with Eastern Europe as well as in Asia. The Telenor Group is in the middle of the biggest mobile operators in the globe with over one forty-three million mobile contributions and a labor force of more or less fourth thousand. Telenor Pakistan is hundred percent be the owner of by Telenor ASA as well as adds on to its action in Asia. 1. 4List of competitors: The main competitors for Mobilink-Indigo and Telenor- Persona are given below: †¢ Ufone-Postpay †¢ Zong-Postpaid †¢ Warid-Zahi 1. 5 Objectives of the project: The Objectives of this project is to make available the Comparison of Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement for the 2 main Telecom companies of Pakistan i. e. Mobilink indigo and Telenor persona. The project will center of attention the following objectives: †¢ To determine customer’s perception about celebrity (Shan) for endorsement of Mobilink Indigo. †¢ To determine customer’s perception about celebrity (Jamal Shah or other) for endorsement of Telenor Persona. To compare customer’s perception about aforementioned celebrities for endorsement of selected brands. 1. 6 Significance of the project: †¢ During my project, I will also cover customer Information survey about their preference of celebrity with brand endorsement between Mobilink Indigo and Telenor Persona.   While this study will provide comparison within two telecommunication companies with an overall picture that will help the marketing managers of these companies to made their ads better and interesting. †¢ The study will help the two companies for the future market placement of their services. Cellular telecommunication companies are now highly competitive industries in Pakistan. Chapter 2: Advertising Strategy 2. 1Marketing Mix The project covers Mobilink indigo and Telenor persona an appropriate marketing mix 4Ps i. e. Product, Coast/Price, Place as well as Promotion. (Product There are various services recommend by both companies. A number of general services are the following: †¢ Internet Services, Common Packet means of communication Services †¢ Small communication Services Caller Line recognition †¢ Tone of voice post †¢ Receiver Book investor Price: Price is the majority necessary feature of the marketing mix. It is the only that generate sales income for an exacting company while recounting their expenses. Both companies bring in a fine cost to its client and persuade the others for control on their set of connections and perform make inquiries consumer’s view on the subject of pricing as well as what they would like to reimburse. The Brand differs time to time and Mobilink and Telenor also suggest on incident base service in the vein of Ramadan tie together, Eid tie together etc. to their end user. (Place: Place anxiety with various systems and forms of accessibility of the Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement throughout diverse franchise and place of work. It composes their services provide for the purchaser’s at any time and where ever they need. Mobilink indigo has a broad system of sharing service in Pakistan. But Telenor persona has not to broad system of sharing as compare to Mobilink indigo and both companies services are available throughout their examine centers situated in all country. Franchises obtain well-situated for vendor to formulate the services obtainable to end users. (Promotion: Promotion means the method of communicate with your customers. Promotion formulates strong client’s buying authority and makes consumers buy choice easier. Mobilink indigo be appropriate heavy price associated with endorsement or publicity merchandise ; services. Doing well promotion add to deal so that services and other outlay are extend over a superior output. 2. 2Market segmentation strategies Market segmentation strategies are as followed under †¢ Sales dimensions/ No of customers: Mainly the project base on comparison of Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement it also primarily focal point the services of its clientele. The choice of purchaser and the means depends on the volume of clientele in that area. Mobilink indigo subscriber 31. 6 million (Approx) Telenor persona Telecom24. 7 million (Approx) †¢ Geographic Place This is the nearly everyone other most significant feature, equally the companies offered their item for consumption to the entire region of Pakistan. Generally they focus on big Cities i. e. Gujranwala, Karachi, Lahore as well as Islamabad. Punjab Sindh Balochistan Khyber Pakhtonkhan Azad Jammu ; Kashmir †¢ Physical Limitations Within Pakistan there are no boundary describe to make available the services by both companies. No such condition is stand in services about Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement of this corporation as yet it can go from corner to corner the state edge. †¢ Revenue This feature does not persuade the company marketplace segmentation policy 2. 3Target marketing strategies Mobilink Indigo Every region take account of AJK of Pakistan residents is the goal marketplace, each person in Pakistan desire to make use of mobile that make a wide goal market for the services area. At this time Mobilink indigo has in the order of Fifty million cellular subscribers. Mobilink indigo objective about Effectiveness of celebrity in brand endorsement is to imprison all section of its marketplace , early age kids , youthful, aged, undergraduate , expert, industry peoples, Mobilink indigo has modify selection of all these group of students of consumer. Within Pakistan the majority of the residents are based on middle class so Mobilink indigo is mostly focus aim their services are middle class popular. Following are the target marketing strategies of Mobilink indigo. Decreased value sales There are various diverse packages has been launch to thrust the purchaser to use the invention greatest. These packages also facilitate the client to control from one system to any more. Inducement on usage There are many inducement bring in to use the maximum services for example by calling initial two minutes the after that five minutes are without charge of price. Inducement on control to set of connections To give confidence the client Mobilink indigo as well as Telenor persona obtainable inducement to customers like free of charge minutes and without charge sms for a precise era. Telenor Persona Telenor persona market strategy is to focal point on to increase in number of subscriber through out the world and also focus to develop our leading position in certain regions with a broad range of communication services Following are the target marketing strategies of Telenor persona. To strengthen our location in certain province Telenor Persona try to strength our location in certain province for provide different service to our customer for target market. Focusing on the Customer’s section Focusing on the Customer’s segments means to build packages through extensive and aggressive study skill like because of its large incident as it is one of the establish in services, so they use their effective services and come up with so many packages in that state that is useful for kind of citizens. 2. 4Advertising objectives of the Company The advertising objectives are the following There are less ads being run for Telenor Persona in comparison to the Mobilink indigo. The reason for this is that the main objective is to keep a favorable brand image in the eyes of the corporate clients and there is not too much bombardment of ads. Also the ads are meant to enhance the postpaid users by offering them innovative services like internet, emailing, etc. The objective of Mobilink indigo and Telenor persona to make the services separate from others and to convince on the customers Mobilink indigo increase market share and to push brand favorite and to be a focus for maximum customers as well as to attain the association objective through services 2. 5Message strategy: For each brand and for a number of adverts for these brands there are different message strategies are used. Telenor-Persona The equivalent case is with Telenor, they modify their message executive method regularly to keep away from their customers other public get uninterested. For example Telenor used â€Å"technological proficiency† and â€Å"picture† which helps citizens smile on their visage. 2. 7 Reach, frequency and impact Mobilink indigo and Telenor persona to his most excellent to present their services to their customer and contributor it has a sensible budget for encouragement.

Theater Play of the 1960 Broadway Musical Bye Bye Birdie

Who will ever forget Susan Watson? Or Dick Van Dyke? Or Chita Rivera and Dick Gautier? These very renowned Broadway actors and actresses played the key roles in the theater play Bye Bye Birdie (1960) that, for more than fifty years now, has been successfully revived and passed on from generation to generation. Would you ever forget the 1950s rock sensation of America? The vibrant era of the number one American rock star Elvis Presley? Well, of course Elvis Presley wasn’t there in the play, but Conrad Birdie—played by the gorgeous Dick Gautier—looked and sang and acted like Elvis Presley.The first time I saw a poster of the original theater play, I even thought the actor was, indeed, Elvis Presley. There are so many aspects of them that appeared the same. Well, so much for Elvis Presley†¦ As I was saying, Dick Gautier played the key role of Conrad Birdie who was supposed to be a gorgeous and dazzling rock star of the 1950s. All the teenage girls were struck b y his beauty and his sex appeal, yet when they heard that he was about to leave and join the U. S.Army, the girls of Sweet Apple, Ohio were so horrified at the news to the extent that Conrad had to give a farewell performance for his very devoted fans, the next time he guests live at the Ed Sullivan television program. One very fortunate fan of him will get a free kiss from the astounding Conrad Birdie. His manager, Albert Peterson who was played by Dick Van Dyke, decided that the lucky girl should be the sexy and luscious Kim McAfee, who is actually Susan Watson of the original Broadway version of the play.I might have to say that I preferred Ann Margaret to play the role of Kim McAfee in the movie version of the Broadway theater play. Ann Margaret was very attractive and charismatic. Do we still have to ask why she was chosen to give a solo number at the very start of Bye Bye Birdie? Well, 22-year-old Ann Margaret was in her yellow dress, and with all her charm and magnetism, flir ts her way through the camera and straight to the eye of the beholder, which is the audience. That’s how the play starts, and I think I have seen her first song for about†¦ uh†¦ twenty times?Nope, don’t think of anything else†¦ I was merely in the process of getting out the true magic of the song. Then next in line would be the songs ‘The Telephone Hour,’ ‘How Lovely To Be A Woman,’ ‘Put On A Happy Face,’ and ‘A Healthy, Normal, American Boy’ for Act I. Then for Act II would be songs like ‘What Did I Ever See In Him? ’, ‘A Lot of Livin’ To Do’, which is my favorite, also the songs ‘Baby, Talk To Me’, ‘Spanish Rose’ and, finally, Albert’s love song for Rose Grant, the song ‘Rosie’.

Give a detailed analysis of the film The Sandman Essay

The theme that appears to be the most prominent is that of childhood fears. The director has exhibited this by using an abundant amount of creative and interesting camera techniques. The techniques cause us, as an audience, to become captivated in the short film’s horror. As the film begins, the mis en scene is very welcoming – a mother and her son in their residence, doing natural and everyday things. Whilst the boy is playing, his mother is sewing in a rocking chair. This leads the audience into a false sense of security, making them think that everything is perfectly fine when – in actual fact – it is the total opposite. The director does this to add to the effect of eeriness and mystery that was created in the opening scene before the title – which was a mysterious place that seemed out of this world, we get the sense that this was the case by the camera zooming down giving the sense that Earth is below. The young infant appears and acts relaxed but only before the clock chimes. After the clock chimes the boy seems to be anxious and worried of what is about to happen. To ad to the effect of suspense the director cuts from the boy, to the mother and then to the clock. This gives the audience the impression that the time signifies an important part of the day; causing the mother to stop what she and tend to her son. It is as the mother gets up that we see the insecurities of the young boy being revealed. When the mother removes the drum from around the boy’s neck and takes away his instrument sticks, we see the boy become both upset and nervous. The director has done this, I feel, to add to the child’s insecurities – making the boy feel like he is on his own. The director also conveys the child’s insecurities by using a long shot – showing the boy’s whole posture. By doing this, the director has created a sense of vulnerability. The boy also seems fairly insecure; not only within himself but also with his surrounding. The director puts this across by moving the boy’s eyes – making him look around as if he is searching for something. As the boy is looking around his mother eventually ushers her offspring to an oak door – that seems large and intimidating. The mother hands her son a miniature candle, which I believe to be a significant sign that the boy is inferior to his surroundings. To show how the boy is feeling, close-ups have been used and these show the boy’s expressions and movements. The director has done this to build up more tension and drama, giving the audience the impression that there is a lot more to come. When the little boy looks out of the large, oak door we see one of a young child’s worst fears†¦ darkness. To add an effect of urgency the director uses a montage, cutting from the boy, to the mother, to the door. Just by using this simple cutting technique the director had formed a message in the audience’s mind – what is so threatening behind the door. By doing this the impact on the audience is quite uncomfortable – making them fear for the young child. The mother comforts her son, but in a way which leads the audience to think and feel that the mother is reluctant to do so – this can therefore create further insecurities. The director has done this so, it keeps the audience still enticed within the film, and also gives the sense of anguish which the boy is feeling. The mother then forces the young child out of the door and shuts it behind him. This makes the boy seem even more vulnerable and petrified. The director conveys this by using camera techniques such as zooming and high angle shots. The camera zooms out to reveal a flight of long and gloomy stairs; ad the high vulnerability and, also, to make the audience think that the young child is diminutive and innocent compared to his surroundings. From just this short scene we can tell that, although they have a relationship, the mother and the son do not have a strong bond – which is not what should be seen from a parent and their child’s relationship. The director has also used point of view shots to show the son’s weary expressions – which are cautious and preparing for something unexpected to occur. As the boy reaches the top of the stairs the director uses zooming out to give the impression of fear and also giving the sense of tension and build up within the film. The director has also used close-ups of the boy’s face – this gives the effect that the child is terrified by the look of the hallway and stairs. When the boy enters his room the director has used a high angler shot – looking down on the boy, showing him at his most reliable stage. The audience can feel the horror through sound effects, which add both drama and tension. The direct does this to create a great deal of suspense and drama. As soon as this technique is over we see the young boy run into his room. The director uses another high angle shot to make the boy seem again vulnerable and unsafe; by using this technique the director has caused the audience to believe that the boy is not alone.

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Self assessment for project - Essay Example The aim of establishing a brand image style could be the first one of the sale strategies for all the companies. An effective product package design and brand image may enable consumers to create a sense of corporate identification with the company to then accept the product. This strategy has a dual impact at the sales point since it incorporates brand identity and packaging design which play important roles in corporate image and sales achievements. Companies want to achieve the best possible outcome out of their marketing initiatives. Marketing issues can be thoroughly discussed in several areas utilizing different methodologies and techniques such as investigation of research e.g. questionnaire, survey, literature review and interview with experts; " relationship between consumer preferences and purchasing behavior", "recognition of brand image", " demographic statistics" and " assessment of consumer purchasing factors", and how do these factors effect among package design, consumer recognition and purchasing preferences. The areas of R&D that will be covered in this proposal are the following: 5. -Using couple well known cigarette brands for in depth study, how consumers make decision on purchase; good recognition of certain brand, attractive visual output, price range, word of mouth or simply just good product" good taste, functionality". The purpose of this research is to integrate brand identity and package design, by using product from the western marketplaces of United States (US) and United Kingdom (UK) to investigate its characteristics and distinguishing features for discussion examples. Then the next step will be using the research results and solutions in order to apply them to the Russian or Asian marketplace. The research findings are expected to achieve future reinforcement and awaken Russian markets to further understand about brand image

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2 exam questions - Essay Example When this production run is optimized within the current output level, the total average cost per unit produces will decrease based on the simple fact that fixed cost per unit produced decreases as the number of output increases. Investopedia (n.d.) explains that â€Å"the purpose of analyzing marginal cost is to determine at what point an organization can achieve economies of scale. The calculation is most often used among manufacturers as a means of isolating an optimum production level. The benefit of producing one additional unit and generating revenue from that item will bring the overall cost of producing the product line down. The key to optimizing manufacturing costs is to find that point or level as quickly as possible.† Various reasons can be considered. For a monopolistic business, keeping the product’s presence in the market is necessary while waiting for the product’s improvements or innovations from the Research and Development department. Once these product improvement or innovation is achieved, the turn of events may become more profitable and may even achieve new heights of business success. Product substitutes may have caused the business to deteriorate. But as long as it is evident that product improvements or innovation will turn the tides of business back to original profitable track, it is worth keeping the business going. Otherwise, when there is no more prospects on the business line, continuing operation will just drain resources. (John Wiley & Sons, Inc , n.d.) states that â€Å"if the firms average variable costs are less than its marginal revenue at the profit maximizing level of output, the firm will not shut down in the short-run. The firm is better off continuing its operations because it can cover its variable costs and use any remaining revenues to pay off some of its fixed costs.† Demand curve for IPOD may rise with this increase on income level of young professionals.

Recent Political Changes in the Middle East Coursework

Recent Political Changes in the Middle East - Coursework Example Arab Spring when translated means Arab Revolution is a wave of revolution in the Arab World, the aim of this Arab Spring is to protest against the regime which is being followed in several Arab countries. People have also effectively used social networking websites to take their protest to another level; websites like Facebook and Twitter have been used to raise awareness and to bring down the regime which is being followed in several of these Arab countries. 18 December 2010 was the exact date when the Arab awakening picked up the pace, it was in Tunisia that the people first started protesting against the ill-treatment and the corrupt policemen. This wave of unrest picked a pace and spread to other Arab countries triggering war-like circumstances in several Arab countries.The general elections in Lebanon which took place in 2009 hogged the limelight, the minimum age to vote was 21 that time, the age was to be changed from 21 to 18 but this required a constitutional bill to be passe d which did not happen and things remained as they were, completely unchanged. After much ado, the government was formed in Lebanon in the year 2009 but the government could not survive for too long, the same government fell in the year 2011 when 11 ministers who formed an integral part of the government withdrew their support. A lot of other significant developments also took place during 2009 and 2011. In February 2009Â   Lebanon fired two rockets which were aimed towards northern Israel, the two countries have not had the best of relationships in the past and this development made their relationship even worse, they were at loggerheads once again. This event was not the first of its kind, the two countries have been exchanging rocket strikes for quite some time now, this was the third of its kind during 2009. Hezbollah group has been actively involved in such strikes but on that occasion, they clearly came forward and denied any such wrongdoing, Palestinian militant groups are a lso very active in Lebanon and it was believed that they were behind this rocket strike which deteriorated the relationship of Lebanon and Israel even further. This was just the tip of the iceberg, the country faced several other major issues in the year 2009, and its relationship with other Arab countries remained the highlight throughout the year.

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Corporate social responsibility and ethical dilemmas - Essay Example When organizations are hiring employees, they tend to be concerned on the capability of the employees to follow the company ethics and values. This is because company ethics and values are crucial in decision-making. Managers are concerned with overseeing the day-to-day running of an organization. They are thus required to possess adequate skills on the ethics that characterize local national and global societies. In the recent past, globalization has resulted in increased competitiveness in the corporate sector and change of production from national level to a global one by most companies. With globalization, the corporate sector is increasingly becoming vulnerable to global forces. This has resulted in numerous challenges in corporations, which managers are required to address. Additionally, people and organization have become more concerned and interested in business ethics. This section will focus on the ethical and value challenges that face individuals working in financial sect ors in companies and financial institutions. Additionally, the paper will analyze how the challenges can aid employees in the financial profession to meet their goal of enhancing responsible business operations. ... Actually, there has been increased awareness on business ethics requiring companies to be more vigilant in their operations. Traditionally, companies focused on making profits since theories such as the one suggested by Friedman argued that the sole responsibility of a firm is to increase the shareholders’ value. However, this notion has been changing due to the need for sustainable responsible business (Burchell 2008; Cameron 2002). Ethical issues that may arise in the financial organization are likely to affect all the stakeholders. This is because all stakeholders depend on financial services directly or indirectly. Personal and corporate ethics are a common source of dilemma for professions working in financial management. This is because of the challenges emanating from conflict that may arise due to disparity in personal ethical values and organizational ethics (Klempner 2009). Ethics are fundamental in financial management since they ensure that financial managers are h onest while dealing with financial situation. My career as a financial manager will require me to be honest. Ethics are crucial since finances are closely intertwined with people. One major ethical issue facing banks regards the method to compensate sales driven planners as well as planners. The dilemma is on whether to use commission or fees. Some compensation strategies often result in exploitation of the investor. Whichever the strategy of compensation used leads to ethical issues since the planners have to subordinate their benefits to those of the customers. This ethical issues results in swaying of planners. A good example of a bank that has benefited from corporate social responsibility is Scotiabank. This bank has

Global Perspective Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 3

Global Perspective - Essay Example Instead, and to a great extent, it has exposed the depth of the differences which separate people and countries, ultimately leading to a more fragmented world. The current global political reality, especially in light of the events of September 11th demands that we revisit the notion of the New World Order and redefine it. The technological revolution has, to a degree, brought cultures closer together. It has done so through the provision of tools which facilitate popular cross-cultural communication, such as internet chatrooms. There is no doubt that technology, whether it assumes the form of the internet or electronic/satellite media, has created greater understanding between populations but, it has also exposed the width and breadth of the differences between them. These differences, which found expression in terrorism and the events of September 11th, are that which the New World Order is about. The New World Order may be defined as one in which the threat of communism has been replaced by the threat of terrorism. It is a world in which differences between people has become more pronounced, despite the fact that globalization and technological developments have facilitated cross-cultural

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International business class (Discussion Board) Assignment - 6

International business class (Discussion Board) - Assignment Example Demand of the product being exported should not necessarily have an extensive market platform. It should be more of intensive in order to ensure specified products for the sophisticated intensive market. Third is a countys relationship with other enterprises. This relation ensures a healthy competitive platform in related industries. The competition enables production of more quality products. Lastly are the firm strategy and rivalry conditions. Strategy depends on a countrys managerial ability and decision making, the formulation of different strategies must always take the importing countries into consideration. Rivalry ensures strength and dominance in the market. Texas cotton production took care of demand and rivalry by ensuring consumers got high quality cotton to beat their rivals. Their strategies consisted of introducing innovation into production process. The answer number three vividly explains the four factors. The answer on demand is contradictory. Demand should depend on an intensive foreign market and not a domestic sophisticated market. The issue is on import not domestic market. In its relation to Texas cotton producers the answer is vague on how exactly the Texans used the factors to improve their own

Employment Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 3

Employment Law - Essay Example The contract of employment is the cornerstone of the employment relationship. In Gascol Conversions Ltd., v Mercer1 Courts found that contracts of employment, like all other contracts, consist of express and implied terms and the written statement is only evidence of the various contractual terms and, unless the employee has agreed that it accurately represents those terms, it is not binding on the employee. Here the argument is that at the time of recruiting the employee, employer can impose these restrictive clauses. Restrictive covenants are terms in a contract of employment that limit the employees activities following termination of their employment. Now it need to consider the capacity of Balmoral to change or impose new restrict covenant. In RS Components v Irwin2, a case before the National Industrial Relations Court the employer decided that it needed to introduce restrictive covenants. The NIRC held that held that there was nothing in the section to preclude the tribunal from finding. The dismissal on the grounds of the needs to impose the new restriction fells within the some other substantial reason category. If employees refused to sign, the new contract could therefore be dismissed. Here the Court noted that the employer would have to devise covenants that were not void. It is a landmark case that decided in 1973 should demonstrate best practice, rather than Windsor Recruitment v Silverwood and others3, which decided in 2006. Employment law still has the capacity to spring a surprise. In Hanover Insurance Brokers Ltd v Schapiro4 the CA Dillon LJ argued that a restriction that seeks to prohibit a defendant from poaching any employee, irrespective of expertise or juniority and including those who entered employment after the defendant left, is invalid5. In Living Design (Home Improvements) Ltd. v Davidson6 the CA has recognized the possibility of a restrictive covenant sufficient to

Behavior Problem Essay Example for Free

Behavior Problem Essay The management of disruptive behavior problems is a familiar concern for many schools. Student’s behavior problems are challenging at all levels in school in recent years, behavior difficulties in school have increased, teachers seem to be unprepared to deal with these problem. According to C. E. C. P (1998) â€Å"Difficult student misbehaviors, reported by teacher include violation of classroom rules, being truant from school, blaming others for problems, irresponsible behavior, and destruction of property. p. 21) Given the seriousness of these behaviors, teacher are spending disproportionately more time on behavior problems that take away from instructions, compromising learning for both the student with the behavior difficulties and rest of the classroom. Therefore, teachers need to formulate a plan to help students with their behavioral problems so that the learning and teaching process happens actively and smoothly. 2. 0 Behavior Problems 2. 1 Definition of behavior, problem, and behavior problem. Behavior Behavior defines as the manner in which one behaves / The actions or reactions of a person or animal in response to external or internal stimuli. One of these actions or reactions: a hormone . . . known to directly control sex-specific reproductive and parenting behaviors in a wide variety of vertebrates (Thomas Maugh II). (Cited from American Heritage Dictionary) Problem Problem defines as any question or matter involving doubt, uncertainty, or difficulty/ a question proposed for solution or discussion / difficult to train or guide. cited from dictionary. com) Behavior Problem So basically behavior problems have both of the elements of behavior and problem. Which defines as a n action or reaction of a person to external or internal stimuli which involves qoubt, uncertainty or difficulty. 2. 2 Types of behavioral problems. There are 11 most common types of behavioral problem that a teacher might encounter in schools. (KidsBehavior (UK). mht). They are; a)Aggressive Outburst b)Biting peers or objects c)Pulling peers hair d)Banging their head )Hitting their peers f)Pinching their peers g)Always being absent to class h)Using violence in classroom i)Lying/ blaming others j)Usage of vulgar/abusive words k)Stealing Not only behavior problems distract the attention in a classroom but also behavior disorder. Behavior disorder is a much more severe problem than behavior problems. This is because behavior disorders are hardwired in the students system. There are many types of behavior disorders and among them are a) autism, b) post-traumatic stress disorder and many more. Unfortunately, a teacher would not be able to help these types of children because this type of children needs special attention. Therefore, if a teacher recognizes any kind of behavioral disorder in a child, the teacher should inform to his/her parents as soon as possible. As concerning with behavioral problems, there are number of methods/strategies techniques available to cure them. Teachers should know these methods/strategies/techniques in order to help the students to mend their behavior problem and to help the school from facing displin problems. The term for this methods/strategies/techniques is Behavior Modification 3. 0 Overcoming Behavior Problems with Behavior Management and Behavior Modification 3. 1 Definition of Behavior Management and Behavior Modification. Behavior management skills are particularly of importance to teachers in the educational system. Behavior management is all of the actions and conscious inactions to enhance the probability people, individually and in groups, choose behaviors, which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable. Behavior modification is the use of empirically demonstrated behavior change techniques to improve behavior, such as altering an individuals behaviors and reactions to stimuli through positive and negative reinforcement of adaptive behavior and/or the reduction of maladaptive behavior through positive and negative punishment. 3. 2 Behavior Management 1) Behavior management is applied at the group level by a classroom teacher as a form of behavioral engineering to produce high rates of student work completion and minimize classroom disruption. ) â€Å"Contemporary behavior modification approaches involve students more actively in planning and shaping their own behavior through participation in the negotiation of contracts with their teachers and through exposure to training designed to help them to monitor and evaluate their behavior more actively, to learn techniques of self-control and problem solving, and to set goals and reinforce themselves for meeting these goals. – (Br ophy (1986)) ) The most common practices of this behavior management rely on the use of applied behavior analysis principles such as positive reinforcement and mild punishments 4) This principle follows the Operant Conditioning system by B. F. Skinner, which is to describe the effects of the consequences of a particular behavior on the future occurrence of that behavior. There are four types of Operant Conditioning: Positive Reinforcement, Negative Reinforcement, Punishment, and Extinction. Both Positive and Negative Reinforcement strengthen behavior while both Punishment and Extinction weakens behavior. ) Examples of situation whereby the teacher uses the two main types of operant conditioning. 3. 2. 1 Positive Reinforcement Definition: Is an attempt to increase the likelihood of a behavior occurring in the future, an operant response is followed by the presentation of an appetitive stimulus. Example of situation in a classroom on how to use positive reinforcement. A teacher who uses positive rein forcement will constantly and consistently praised the students, ignored small infractions and was encouraging no matter what answer the students get. Once one student was totally off track with his answer and the teachers response was no, but you are thinking and that is what I enjoy seeing you think, listen to others and try again. Every minute or two the teacher was saying something positive. 3. 2. 2 Negative Reinforcement Definition: Negative reinforcement occurs when a behavior is reinforced by removal of a stimulus. The word negative does not mean unpleasant. It means a stimulus is removed or subtracted from the situation as a form of reinforcement Example of situation in a classroom on how to use negative reinforcement. Suppose your teacher said you could skip the final exam by studying an extra chapter and taking a quiz on it. You might study an extra chapter (your studying behavior would be made more frequent) because of the promise of an unpleasant stimulus, being removed (no final exam) Another example: If a student is trying to be the centre of the limelight by disrupting the classroom the teacher can use the avoidance strategy or punishment strategy as a negative reinforcement to the student. 3. 3 Behavior Modification The principles of using behavior modification are: ) To develop a new behavior b) To strengthen a new behavior , c) To maintain an established behavior, d) To stop inappropriate behavior, and finally e) To modify emotional behavior. (Adapted from: Krumboltz, J. , Krumboltz, H. (1972). Changing childrens behavior. New York: Prentice-Hall. )   There are 3 main principles to develop a new behavior which are i. Successive Approximation Principle: ( To teach a child to act in a ma nner in which he has seldom or never before behaved, reward successive steps to the inal behavior. ) ii. Continuous Reinforcement Principle: (To develop a new behavior that the child has not previously exhibited, arrange for an immediate reward after each correct performed it incorrectly. iii. Discrimination Principle: (To teach a child to act in a particular way under one set of circumstances but not in another, help him to identify the cues that differentiate the circumstances and reward him only when his action is appropriate to the cue. ) B : To strengthen a new behavior There are 2 main principle in strengthening a new behavior. i. Decreasing Reinforcement Principle: (To encourage a child to continue performing an established behavior with few or no rewards, gradually require a longer time period or more correct responses before a correct behavior is rewarded. ) ii. Variable Reinforcement Principle: (To improve or increase a childs performance of a certain activity, provide the child with an intermittent reward. ) C :To maintain an established behavior There is 1main principle in estbablishing a new behavior . Substitution Principle: (To change reinforcers when a previously effective reward is no longer controlling behavior, present it just before (or as soon as possible to) the time you present the new, hopefully more effective reward. ) D :To stop inappropriate behavior There is 3 main principle to stop inappropriate behavior i. Satiation Principle: (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may allow him to continue (or insist that he continue) performing the undesired act until he tires of it. ) ii. Extinction Principle: (To stop a child from acting in a particular way, you may arrange conditions so that he receives no rewards following the undesired act. ) iii. Punishment Principle: (To stop a child from acting in a certain way, deliver an aversive stimuli immediately after the action occurs. Since punishment results in increased hostility and aggression, it should only be used infrequently and in conjunction with reinforcement. ) E : To modify emotional behavior There is 2 main principle to modify emotional behavior ) Avoidance Principle: ( To teach a child to avoid a certain type of situation, simultaneously present to the child the situation to be avoided (or some representation of it) and some aversive conditon (or its representation) ii) Fear Reduction Principle: (To help a child overcome his fear of a particular situation, gradually increase his exposure to the feared situation while he is otherwise comfortable, relaxed, secure or rewarded. ) CONCLUSION The effective use of behavioral and cognitive strategies in the classroom may appear daunting even to experienced teachers. However, changing your behavior and strategies is often the most efficient and effective means of improving all types of classroom behaviors Through practice comes proficiency. The building block of emotions and behavior likely contains the largest and most diverse set of problems encountered in the classroom. By first understanding these problems and seeing the world through the eyes of your students, and, then developing and using a set of i strategies on a regular basis, problems of emotions and behavior can be effectively managed and changed in the classroom and also behavior problems can be mended.

The Issue Of Eve Teasing Sociology Essay

The Issue Of Eve Teasing Sociology Essay Eve teasing is a very common social problem and everyday women come across some form of eve teasing. In this case, do you think that women should be empowered to fight back to end this evil act Explain and Illustrate Aai shundori, ekta gaan shuney jao na, said one of the boys. Ekdin toh amar shathey jetei hobey, said another. Terrified, fourteen year old Lima kept her head lowered and quickened her pace as she walked to school. That group of notorious boys heckling her again as they have been for the past few weeks. Three months ago one of the girls in her school committed suicide. When she heard the news, Lima couldnt figure out why another young girl like her would take her own life. That was until all this daily harassment started. She thought to herself, So this is what Shathi must have felt like, this humiliation, this embarrassment, this is why she killed herself . . . so this is the terrible Eve Teasing. Eve teasing is a euphemism used for public sexual harassment, street harassment or molestation of women by men. It is a growing social problem considered to be related to delinquency in youth. This is a form of sexual aggression that ranges in severity from sexually suggestive remarks, brushing in public places, catcalls, to outright groping. Sometimes it is referred to with a coy suggestion of innocent fun, making it appear harmless with no resulting liability on the part of the performer. Eve teasing, as heinous as it is, is thus also a difficult crime to prove. In my opinion, eve teasing is a very serious moral and social crime carried out by ruffians in the most degrading manner and it is not so much an act of masculinity but rather of low-life cowardice. The general socioeconomic status in Bangladesh is much lower compared to neighboring countries such as India and Sri Lanka. For the average girl in Bangladesh, one of her most prized possessions is her dignity. Following the culture and traditions also have the girls dress up in a conservative manner so as not to incite uncalled attention from the males. Historically, the upbringing of girls in Bangladesh differs in many ways from the boys. That is one of the reasons why the psychological impact and consequences of eve teasing are so devastating to the victim and her family. Eve teasing is now a social pandemic in Bangladesh. Based on empirical study (2008), the Hunger Project has identified some impacts of eve teasing in the society of rural Bangladesh. These are: a) Curtailed education: Sexual harassment increases girls drop-out rate from school. Parents concerned about their daughters honor or safety sometimes keep their daughters home and/or marry them off at an early age. b) Early marriage: Girls who are teased or harassed are also pushed into marriage, before they are physically or mentally prepared. This also leads to increase of maternal and infant deaths. c) Hindered development: Eve teasing contributes to maintaining the low status of women. It also hinders women in participating in the formal employment sector. As nearly half of the population of the country are women, for the economic development of the country their participation in employment is a must. d) Eve teasing leads to young womans suicide in Bangladesh. Some young women, unable to bear the repeated insults, have even gone so far as to commit suicide. According to the Bangladesh National Women Lawyers Association (BNWLA), almost 90% of girls aged between 10 and 18 years are victims of public sexual harassment. According to the Ain-O-Shalish Kendra (ASK) human rights organization, atleast fourteen girls and women have taken their own lives between March and June 2010 across Bangladesh as a direct result of eve teasing. It has not only been suicides, but, even parents of the victims and protestors against eve teasers have been assaulted and killed by the perpetrators. From January to November 2010, twenty six females and one father of a bullied girl committed suicide, and ten men and two women were murdered after protesting against eve teasing / sexual harassment, according to a Bangladeshi rights group. The High Court on November 02nd 2010 expressed grave concern in stalking, tragic suicides of victims, and associated revenge killings. Since then, mobile courts in Bangladesh have been empowered to prosecute people accused of sexually harassing women or eve teasing. Anyone convicted of sexual harassment or stalking of women will face a year in jail or a fine of about BDT 5000 or both. The Ministry of Children and Women Affairs have linked up with mobile phone service providers in Bangladesh and taken the initiative to send mass text messages urging people to be more vocal against eve teasing. Undercover police have been stationed in playgrounds to prevent young males from molesting female pupils. UNICEF has also joined in the fight against the growing social peril of eve teasing in Bangladesh. UNICEF and its partners also are working to create awareness by establishing and supporting local adolescent groups called Kishori Clubs. The clubs allow girls and boys to learn to socialize in positive ways and they participate in activities that empower them to become agents of change. There are also laws that essentially make Eve teasing a punishable crime. For example: Section 10 of Women and Children Repression and Prevention Act provides for punishment of rigorous imprisonment up to 10 years and a fine if a person with a view to illegally satisfy his sexual lust by any of his organ touches genital organ or any part of the body of a woman or violates her modesty. Section 9A of the same Act states that if a woman commits suicide because of violation of her modesty by willing acts of any person without her consent or against her will, such person for the offence of instigating her to commit suicide will be punishable with rigorous punishment for a term not exceeding 10 years Section 354 of Bangladesh Penal Code provides for a punishment of up to two years and a fine for any person who assaults or uses criminal force to any woman intending to outrage her modesty or knowing it is likely that said act would. Alike Bangladesh, eve teasing has also been a nuisance in India. The Government of India took some admirable steps to deal with the problem. They took effective remedial measures both judicial and law enforcement wise. The police were asked to be on the alert to round up Eve teasers. The deployment of plain clothed female police officers for the purpose was particularly effective. In addition to this were Womens help-lines, Women police stations and also, special anti-eve teasing cells by the police were set up in various cities. In some cities where the problem was particularly serious like Tamil Nadu, eve teasing was made a non-bail able offence. I believe that if the Government of Bangladesh also applies such measures, eve teasing will be further controlled to some extent. While the above are some encouraging examples of initiatives undertaken to combat eve teasing, I think that another crucial element that would help this cause is women being empowered as means to fight back. The roles that men and women play in society are not biologically determined they are socially determined, changing and changeable. Although they may be justified as being required by culture or religion, these roles vary widely by locality and change over time. UNFPA has found that applying culturally sensitive approaches can be the key to advancing womens rights while respecting different forms of social organization. Womens empowerment is vital to sustainable development and the realization of human rights for all. Empowerment means giving legal and moral power to an individual in all spheres of life social, economic, political, psychological, religious and spiritual, which are essential for the survival and over all development of the mankind. Empowerment expresses the bold idea that all people have claims to social arrangement that protect them from the worst abuses and deprivations and secure the freedom for a life of dignity. The process of empowerment helps shift the priority to the most deprived and excluded, especially to deprivations because of discrimination. Womens empowerment could be considered as a process in which women gain greater share of control over resources, material, human and intellectual like knowledge, information, ideas and financial resources like money. Women should also be given control over decision making in the home, community and the society. They should be able to break free of the mould set by patriarchal norms. According to Labour Force Survey 2000 of the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS), the total estimated civilian labour forces of the country is 60.3 million and among them 37.81% are female.  These days women are increasingly entering into job market mainly in ready-made garments and allied sector, tea gardens, NGOs, health care services, food processing industry, export processing zones, services sectors and commercial enterprises and informal sector such as construction, agriculture etc. One of the major areas where women have found employment has been the garment sector. This industry employs around 10 million people directly or indirectly, of which ninety percent are women workers.   In Bangladesh, women are also involved with politics. The prime minister, foreign minister, home minister, agriculture minister, deputy leader of the House and the leader of the opposition are female. Yet, according to a survey, every five minutes a woman is sexually harassed. Every two minutes one woman is molested. Eve teasing is something that a woman has to contend with everyday. But, we can make it better for our women by resolving the following problems of the different Empowerment types: Social Empowerment: Social empowerment includes equality of treatment, equality of respect, equality of opportunity, equality of recognition and above all equality of status. The indicators of social empowerment of women include the base of gender inequality, sex ratios, life expectancy rates and fertility rates which shows the general status of women in terms of literacy, economic growth, availability of health care and birth control facilities, educational status of women, age at marriage, literacy rates and participation of women outside the home. Economic Empowerment: In nearly every country, women work longer hours than men, but are usually paid less and are more likely to live in poverty. Poor women do more unpaid work, work longer hours and may accept degrading working conditions during times of crisis, just to ensure that their families survive. In subsistence economies, women spend much of the day performing tasks to maintain the household, such as carrying water and collecting fuel wood. In many countries women are also responsible for agricultural production and selling. Often they take on paid work or entrepreneurial enterprises as well. Unpaid domestic work from food preparation to care giving directly affects the health and overall well being and quality of life of children and other household members. Yet womens voices and lived experiences whether as workers (paid and unpaid), citizens, or consumers are still largely missing from debates on finance and development. Educational Empowerment: Education is important for everyone, but it is especially significant for girls and women. This is true not only because education is an entry point to other opportunities, but also because the educational achievements of women can have ripple effects within the family and across generations. Investing in girls education is one of the most effective ways to reduce poverty. Girls who have been educated are likely to marry later and to have smaller and healthier families. Educated women can recognize the importance of health care and know how to seek it for themselves and their children. Education helps girls and women to know their rights and to gain confidence to claim them. Political Empowerment: Throughout much of the world, womens equality is undermined by historical imbalances in decision-making power and access to resources, rights, and entitlements for women. Either by law or by custom, women in many countries still lack rights to: Own land and to inherit property Obtain access to credit Attend and stay in school Earn income and move up in their work, free from job discrimination Moreover, women are still widely under-represented in decision-making at all levels, in the household and in the public sphere. Addressing these inequities through laws and public policy is a way of formalizing the goal of gender equality. Legal changes, which most countries have now implemented, are often a necessary step to institute gender equality. But addressing the gaps between what the law proscribes and what actually occurs often requires broad, integrated campaigns, which I believe each of us should take the initiative of. Jawaharlal Nehru had said, To awaken the people, it is the women who must be awakened. Once she is on the move, the family moves, the village moves, the nation moves. I do agree with that statement. We can help curb eve teasing by empowering our women. Instead of feeling abused by hooligans, misunderstood and shamed by their families, shunned by the society, our women will be better equipped to deal with the situation. Be it with pepper spray cans or other passive approaches, an educated and aware woman can, by herself, fight back the evil act of eve teasing.

The Influence of Women in Epic of Gilgamesh Essay -- Epic Gilgamesh es

The Influence of Women in Epic of Gilgamesh Gilgamesh can be viewed as a writing that describes the social scene of the times it was written in. The characters of Enkidu and Gilgamesh are strong males. The roles of women in Gilgamesh are submissive and subtle. Women in this ancient Sumerian tale tend to be passive, but capable of influencing the outcome of events. Enkidu is a mighty force to confront. He is so strong that he is seen as a wild animal in his first appearances in the book. Gilgamesh is as strong or even stronger than Enkidu. He is the king of Uruk and is part god and part man. These dominant male characters command the most attention of the reader. The prostitute is one of the roles of women in the text. She brought about the conversion of Enkidu from a savage creature to a civilized member of society. Without this female intervention, Enkidu would not stand by Gilgamesh's side in the adventures to come. The harlot is used by society as a tool to draw Enkidu in. The male trapper told her to entice Enkidu with her nakedness and to lie with him. Once Enkidu had do...

Questar Company Risk Analysis Essay -- essays research papers fc

INTEROFFICE REPORT Questar Corporation: Energy Company Three segments of Questar operations cover resources and regulated services. Follows is the risk assessment for Questar: Resources, Lack of internal control in estimating reserve(s) revenue, Financial analysis and the market, New land developments, and the Environment. Most of the company's operations are located in the Rocky Mountain region of Wyoming, Utah, Colorado, Texas, Oklahoma, and Louisiana (5). Distribution is throughout the United States. QUESTAR OPERATIONS A multi-faceted holding company formed through reorganization in 1984 into an energy company to distinguish non-utility services (5). Crude resources from fossil fuels (oil, natural gas) are developed through drilling for interstate transmission, storage and distribution. The resource division involves gas, oil, natural gas for marketing, cost analysis of gas development, risk management, and distribution for the wholesale/retail industry (5). 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Market Resources is the major producer of income driving segments of the business. Natural gas (nonregulated) is 86% of its focal point on evaluating crude resources for process through â€Å"gas management† (5). 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Questar Pipeline (regulated) is responsible for transportation and storage. This includes the development of pipeline. Business is dependent on acquiring leases and the use of land. Operations at well sites can have a life of 20-40 years. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Questar Gas (regulated) involves retail distribution. Sales are based on seasonal usage and economic factors such as the market’s going rate (5). RISK ASSESSMENT Resources: Price Risk and Land Opportunity †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Crude resources are a distinct global market. Questar is a profitable and reliable enterprise with all three segments highly revenue driven, secured by federal and state government regulations. Wholesale figures fluctuate within the industry by a minimal amount for distribution nationwide, but this type of commodity requires prices to be set by the market nationwide and not the company. †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Competition in this industry is the ability to secure land rights for drilling. Government regulations have restricted areas containing crude resources for development by 40% (7). 90% o... ...rve%20Valuation.pdf> (8 October 2004). Industry changes that may affect energy resources financial reporting. External 10)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Kieso, Donald E., Weygandt, Jerry J., Warfield, Terry D. Intermediate Accounting. Hoboken, NJ: Current Developments for Audit Committees 2002. Pricewaterhouse Coopers analysis on recognizing revenue. External 11)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Natural Gas Market Prices.† California Energy Commission. 2 April 2003. http://www.energy .ca.gov/2003_price_spikes/2003-04-02_natgas_execsum.html> (8 October 2004). Executive summary on 180% increase within two days on the national spot market for natural gas. External 12)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   â€Å"Questar Goes Live with the SPL Customer Care and Billing Solution.† Factiva Online September 2004. http://80-global.factiva.com.libproxy.sdsu.edu/en/arch/display.asp> (8 October 2004). Accounting changes in billing customers. External 13)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Standard & Poor’s. Register of Corporations, Directors and Executives. 2003 ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies, 2003. The energy sector as a whole. External   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

Okonkwo as Epic Hero in Chinua Achebes Things Fall Apart Essay

Okonkwo as Epic Hero in Things Fall Apart      Ã‚  Ã‚   Achebe’s work, Things Fall Apart, is an epic; it resembles stories about heroes found in many cultures. In these stories, the heroes are extraordinary individuals, whose careers and destinies are not theirs alone, but are bound with the fortunes and destinies of their society. They become heroes by accomplishing great things for themselves and their communities, winning much fame as a result.    Okonkwo fits this pattern. The first paragraph of Things Fall Apart is notable in this respect, for it describes Okonkwo as follows:    Okonkwo was well known throughout the nine villages and even beyond. His fame rested on solid personal achievements. As a young man of eighteen he had brought honour to his village by throwing Amalinze the Cat. Amalinze was the great wrestler who for seven years was unbeaten, from Umuofia to Mbaino. He was called the Cat because his back would never touch the earth. It was this man that Okonkwo threw in a fight which the old man agreed was one of the fiercest since the founder of their town engaged a spirit of the wild for seven days and seven nights. (3)    In an epic story, the hero undergoes many tests, which we can see as rites of passage. In Things Fall Apart, Okonkwo undergoes such tests, including the wrestling match with Amalinze the Cat, his struggle with the negative legacy of his father, and the struggle to succeed on his own.    Praising heroes is a basic function of epics. As ... ... Hopes and Impediments. New York: Doubleday, 1989. Innes, C.L. Chinua Achebe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990. Nnolim, Charles E. "Achebe's Things Fall Apart: An Igbo National Epic" Modern Black Literature. ed. Okechukwu Mezu New York: Black Academy Press, 1971, 55-60. Obiechina, Emmanuel. "Narrative Proverbs in the African Novel," Research in African Literatures, 24, 4 (1993), 123-140. Okafor, Chinyere Grace. "From the Heart of Masculinity: Ogbodo-Uke Women's Masking." Research in African Literatures, 25, 3 (1994), 7-17. Traore, Ousseynou. "Matrical Approach to Things Fall Apart; A Poetics of Epic and Mythic Paradigms." Approaches to Teaching Achebe's Things Fall Apart. ed. Bernth Lindfors. New York: MLA, 1991, 65-73.

Boys of Blood and Bone Essay

David Metzenthen’s Boys of Blood and Bone is an ambitious novel linking the stories of Henry Lyon, in the summer before he starts his first year of Law at university, and Andy Lansell, Australian digger killed in the Somme in 1918. Andy and Henry’s stories meet when Henry’s car breaks down in the small country town of Strattford on his way to a sailboarding weekend with his mates — and his disgruntled girlfriend Marcelle. While stuck in Strattford, Andy gets to know Trot and his girlfriend Janine and centenarian Cecelia Hainsworth, never-married fiancee of the long-dead Andy. Henry is given Andy’s diary to read, and finds himself fascinated bythe tragic story of this young man of his own age from another time, another world. The narrative of Boys of Blood and Bone alternates between Henry’s contemporary story and the war time experiences of Andy and his mates. The point is not so much that the two young men’s lives are directly paralled — it’s rather that the comparison of their stories points up the extreme difference between the experiences of the generations in question, and their attitudes to life and death. Henry’s moment of physical courage when he board sails into a wild and dangerous sea points up his reckless sense of immortality, as contrasted with the young soldiers’ rueful, resigned courage under the most extreme, nightmarish and unbelievable circumstances. Similarly, Henry’s one passionless sexual encounter contrasts powerfully against the diggers’ frank embracing of (as they know, possibly first and last) sexual opportunities with, it must be stressed, entirely willing young women. This is not to infer that the novel romanticises the past, or past generations at the expense of the current generation. Yet there is a sense of frustration with Henry’s somewhat aimless, even unambitious wandering through life, compared to Andy’s clear-sighted, focused recognition of what is required of him in his here and now. And don’t forget — we’re talking about 18 year olds here. Boys of Blood and Bone is on its surest ground in the chapters dedicated to Andy and the desperate, bloody battlefield of the Somme. Metzenthen’s year spent researching the war is evident, and the physical and emotional ordeal these young men is vividly realised (although Andy’s last day is dragged out a little too much in classic horror movie â€Å"I’m not dead yet! † style). Less well depicted is the romantic tribulations that form the core of Henry’s story. His conflict with Marcelle is presented, but not adequately explored; his subsequent romance is more fleshed-out and recognisable, yet this narrative thread still seems somewhat pale in comparison to the life and death circumstances of Andy and his mates. In the past decade or so, young Australians have demonstrated a genuine interest in the war-time experiences of their counterparts from decades ago. Attendances at ANZAC Day ceremonies and visits to Gallipoli have increased enormously, and there is a new-found respect for the war-time experiences of Australian service men and women in times gone by. In this context, Boys of Blood and Bone is bound to find an enthralled and open audience.

With Close Reference to their recent releases, compare how Britney Spears and Sum 41 are marketed

Like in all artists, Britney Spears and Sum 41 drop dead to a get into company. Here 3 depart ments tonus after them the artist and Repertoire, Marketing and Production. The Artist and Repertoire( a+r) ar responsible for sign the artist. The marketing department are responsible for advertising the artist. The production company are responsible for organizing recording and songs for release. Possible ways the Marketing department can hold the Media for advertising include television, radio, posters. They also usance a subtle way of utilize the artist themselves. Britney belongs to Zomba Records and Sum 41 belong to Britney has matured as artist all everywhere the years. At the beginning, she was a naturalizegirl. This was reflected in her word-painting Hit Me Baby One more(prenominal)(prenominal) Time She was dressed in tame uniform. Although attracting pre teens as her primary audience, she was attracting young men (15-20). She has maintained her primary audience end-to-end her life history and as my analysis willing tell you, increased her secondary audience. pursuit a break from her career to even out a film Crossroads, she re-launched her career as an adult, moving away from school uniform. Her album release Britney opened recent doors for Britney and new fans. Her album make up have her sitting on a s alikel, crouching forward. With the depressive disorder cut top she was wearing, this position revealed kind of a lot of Britneys chest area. She held wrists cladding the camera. This suggests she was flirting with men. She was wearing a rood-tree necklace, which suggests she is trying to maintain her virginal disposition that she previously had. Heavy Eye-Makeup is wear, similar to that of Brigitte Bardot, a 60s icon. This attracts men as she is shown to take superciliousness in her appearance. Her hair is tousled over her chest, hinting that she isnt as clean cut as previously thought. The back cover is featuring Britneys inc line repeatedly reflected over the cover. This gives the effect that she is everywhere. The look physical composition is still worn. Yellow lights are shown, possibly to reflect attention on to Britney.Previously, Britney modelled for Sketchers Footwear Company. She featured in a poster that was completely opposite to the count on given in the album cover. Her she appeared normal, have to earth. As this was an appeal to young girls, she worn clothes they could relate to, jacket, jeans and the trainers she was advertising. She still wore makeup but not as much(prenominal) as she wore in the album cover shoot.Sum 41s image is completely divers(prenominal) to Britneys. Their album features a more private touch with what appears to be handwritten vestige lists and Polaroid photos. This makes the audience feel as though the album has been made for them personally. Dark colors are spendd, this reflects the bands image of a cloggy rock band. Sum 41s image has not transformd as m uch as Britneys.In conclusion, Britney is marketed more two audiences where Sum 41 appear to be marketed for the same face which is skaters and rock fans. Britney appears to be more elicit in her fans, while Sum 41 arent really bothered what anyone thinks and are more concerned making music and having fun. Finally, record companies are responsible for the artists image. Record companies use media for advertising and will have too as the public opinion of artists change when the media portrayal of them changes.

“Should Fast Food Chains Be to Blame for Childhood Obesity”

Should stiff aliment chains be to blame for infantishness obesity? As defined by dictionary. com obesity is the condition of being weighty increased luggage com weakenment weight caused by excessive accumulation of fat. fleshiness is determined by the level of BMI (body mass index). agree to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, BMI is calculated from a childs weight and height, and is comp bed to a chart that tells you what is on the normal ranges.As you can see, children do not rightful(prenominal) wake up one mean solar twenty-four hour period and mold themselves stalwartness, there has to be any(prenominal) kind of warp that is making them that focal point, whether it be the diets they eat at home, or what they eat while with friends. This is not a look that should be set outn lightly. Who should be blamed? whatever people intrust the p bents ar to blame because they should try their children with wellnessier meal choices at all snips. Others believe the influence extravagant victuals companies live with with the media and advertising is too great and children would rather induce a happy meal that arranges with a work than have a wellnessy cooked meal from home.The way of living has changed drastically from the 1970s to the present. Back in the 1970s mothers were more(prenominal) in all probability to be home describers and had the era to dedicate to homemade meals three times a day. Nowadays, women are more likely to take part in careers and therefore live more feverish lifestyles. People are busier than ever and most of the time it is much easier to drive by a fast intellectual nourishment restaurant and pick up dinner party than to slave in the kitchen after a immense day at work. Fewer family meals are eaten unneurotic now (less than 5 a week of 21 meals) than in the years past (King, 28).The fast food business has boomed in the recent years overdue to this and they tend to advertise mostly to kids victimisation iridescent advertisements with their favorite cartoon characters and reel them in by providing a toy along with a refined hamburger and greasy French fries. Being an obese child can have many effects on their health, both physical and emotional health are impacted greatly by being overweight. Some children are never taught proper ways to cope with their emotions and have is what they turn to make them line up better when nothing else is handout right.Obese children tend to misplace from low self-esteem and may develop eating disorders in their quest to become thin. Obese adolescents are more prone to emotional and behavior problems and excessively more likely to develop psychopathologies during both adolescence and maturity date (Willette, 565). Overweight children are at risk for more diseases than children within their normal weight. Adult diseases, much(prenominal) as type 2 diabetes, are being diagnosed in 8-and 9-year-old children (King, 28).Some parent s rely on television system and video games to fall out their children entertained after a long day because they do not have time to take the children outside to play. Health concerns such as undernutrition, deficiency of physical activity and increased incidence of chronic diseases are more common in low-income and minority youth (King, 28). Everywhere we turn we are bombarded by advertisements for some type of fast food restaurant. Billboards, television commercials, radio ads, and print are just some of the media used to get the message to people to come out to their restaurants, and use catchy slogans with animated characters.It is no secret these ads are mostly advertising to children and teenagers. In 2002, it was estimated that annual sales of food and beverages to young consumers exceeded $27 billion. Advertisers have recognized that young consumers are a valuable market and have begun to advertise at a time to them. Food and beverage advertisers collectively spend$10 billion to $20 billion annually to pass by children and youth, and more than $1 billion of that is spent on direct media advertising to children (Willette, 565). Children are more likely to be influenced by these advertisements, especially when it involves something they think is cool.These advertisements are mostly found on channels such as nickelodeon or Disney channel. It is very demanding because there is no way to avoid these advertisements unless you break down yourself and your children to a cave. Parents have an important effect on their childrens development because they are the ones who raise their children from day one. If a child is raised eating healthy foods they are more likely to keep making those choices as they grow older and pass those habits on to their children. Bad eating habits can be passed on as well.Some parents simply dont know how to make healthy eating choices themselves, and it affects them and their children around the waistline. Parents should ra cecourse by example they should not only advertise their children to eat healthy, but also do the homogeneous themselves. So why are parents blaming fast food chains for their children obesity? Well, because no one wants to work themselves responsible and it is incessantly much easier to point the palpate at someone else. No parent wants to be seen as the reason for making their child overweight and want some type of reassurance that their parenting efforts ave not all been ineffective. Parents also are the ones that pay for the fast food and provide it for their children, so it cant in full be the fast food companies fault, right? Children are acquittance to be children and they are going to always want what is not good for them, but the parents have some control over what they choose to nutrition their child, and it should be done even if it requires them to spend more time in the home. In conclusion, the media is always going to have a big impact on the lives of everyone especially children. Childhood obesity is a health epidemic affecting many children in this res publica today.Parents are the ones who give guidance and should work challenging to teach their children healthy eating habits. Fast food companies use advertising and many other things to seduce children but at the end of the day, companies need to make money. So the blame game parents are using needs to stop. Fast food is not going anywhere and the parents should be the ones being held responsible for their children not fast food companies who have no intercourse to these children.Works cited Kaiser Family Foundation Releases Report on Role of Media In Childhood Obesity. Pediatric Nursing 30. (2004) 165 academic hunt club Complete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. Willette, Amanda L. Where Have All the Parents at peace(p)? Do Efforts to Regulate Food Advertising To quash Childhood Obesity Pass Constitutional drum up?. Journal of Legal Medicine 28. 4 (2007) 561-577. donnish Search Co mplete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2010. King, Nancy, and Dayle Hayes. Shame, Blame and the War on Childhood Obesity Confronting the Real Problems, Identifying the Positive Solutions. strong Weight Journal 17. 2 (2003) 28. Academic Search Complete. EBSCO. Web. 18 Apr. 2010.

Betray to be or not to be Essay

Now, sm exclusively t decl ar, h auricle. Tis condition stunned that, quiescence in my orchard, A snake roiling me. So the all ear of Denmark Is by a forgd performilitary individualnelce of my demolition Rankly ab functiond. scarcely realise, h atomic number 53y oil fearful y revealh, The serpent that did caute cosmetic surgery thy fuck get rid ofs manners In this position the apparition is verbalise juncture that who his murder. In the undermenti peerless(prenominal)d quotation is issue to gift you how crossroadss spawn murder, bump off him. (1. . 55,60,65,70). quiescency wi exquisite my orchard, My bespoke endlessly of the later onnoon, Upon my warrant instant thy uncle steal With succus of ill-omened hebenon in a vial, And in the porches of my ears did de natest The leperous distilment, whose m decimate Holds such(prenominal) an hostility with furrow of man That blue-belly as fickle it courses by and through with(predicate) The intern al provide and alleys of the consistence. , The thin and sound snag. thusly was I, lock upnessing, by a chum salmons tump over Of life, of crown, of cig art at whizz time dispatched, debase off change surface in the blossoms of my sin. t herefore this is a really sad goal and selfless murder, juncture uncle Claudius ordaining reed performer what he position briefly to be. settlement went sickish later on that to shape let on that his uncle go throughed his fetch. The tinge told village to non to discern requital for his generate travail e state sin with eat her up thats the closely requital that will defeat her. With the slap-up force-out wild Claudius involve to get off crossroads international dumbfound he k instantlys to muchtimes and needinesss him crop uped too. darn critical head up was lecture to his gravel in her means Polonius was comprehend shadower the arras (Ophelias overprotect). critical point takes a bed mephistophelean and bulges him by slash persuasion it was the powerfulness. (3. 4). Afterthat Ophelia hears thats her father utterly she goes groundless. this happens the tycoons heads red-hot endeavor that could had been him potty the tapestry. They move up critical point as a holy terror so they glow crossroads to England to be massacreed. the tables has been (Ophelia). and so laetes Ophelia aged brother comes and escortks penalise for the person who put to deathed his father Polonius. So small town and Laetes were compute to bring forth a purify genial fght when the meshing gamings pillage when the bilk laetes is memory is poisoned.The bollix up laetes is shit slices juncture. (5. 2. 310,315). It is here, crossroads. Hamlet, jet artistry slain. No euphony in the homo gouge do thee good. In thee in that respect is non half(a) an second base of life. The perfidious instrument is in thy hand, Unbated and envenomed. The stinky coiffure Hath off-key itself on me. Lo, here I lie, neer to rise again. Thy contracts poisoned. I tail end no more. The majuscule power, the top executives to blame. Hamlet mystify is poisoned by the crisp and hamlet and laetes be too. So Hamlet goes and searches for the faggot and kills him and chance ons him fuddle out the loving cup that poisoned his mother.So cursorily the tables turns on Claudius. The unrelenting apologue of Macbeth. Macbeth kills the king and to know thats the king (Dun screwing) is genuinely neighborly by Macbeth. skirt Macbeth pressures Macbeth to kill him after dinner party trance he is sleep and drunk. Macbeth been contemplating if she should kill the king or non, tho his married woman apprisal him that he is a coward if he doesnt kill him. in this candidate Macbeth goes into the kings room where he is quiescency (2. . 40. 45. 50. 55) Youre leaders me toward the crop I was termination already, and I was prep to use a heavy weapon and th e like you.My line uping essential both be the one spirit thats non operative, or else its the simply one thats working right. I can still understand you, and I see blood splotches on your weathervane and hatch that werent in that respect beforehand.. allow for what Im closely to do. piece I pacify here talking, Duncan lives. the king is stagnant and Macbeth is passage unrestrained with flagitious take him away. Macbeth wants to kill banquo so he gets terzetto murders and kill him nominate Macbeth is grabby and greedy. (3. 1. 120. 125). So is he tap and in such crashing(a) outdo That both minute of his creation thrusts Against my ascendst of life.And g-forcegh I could With bald power get around him from my push-down storage And command my will avow it, besides I must(prenominal)(prenominal) not, For au becausetic confederates that are both his and mine, Whose do its I may not drop, consummately lament his pass along Who I myself taken with(p) down. And indeed it is, That I to your avail do make love, demonstrate the chore from the prevalent ticker For motley impressive reasons. beholding the nuance of banquo has Macbeth termination crazy talk to himself. (3. 4. 75) in this expectation is talking to the tinge of Banquo. Prithee, see there discern go steady Lo How maintain you? Why, what attention l? If thou canst nod, address too.If grisly houses and our grave must broadcast Those that we slump back, our monuments Shall be the maws of kites. the paster and thus(prenominal) jot of banquo. In William Shakespeares constitute, Othello, acts of swindle and perfidiousness pay great striking significance. They greatly extend to the shank that way does not forever outline humans, and reality is not what one sees simply more often what one does not see. The acts of perfidy and traitorousness in Othello back up to vex this guinea pig through purpose growth. how Iago deceives Othello by universe his relay link and nemy at the equal time.Othello ca-caing his married womans love and trust. genus Emilia (lagds wife) betraying her truly own economise for Justice. last lagds perfidiousness of Roderigo, use him and his capital for his evil plans, and then kill him. through and through ought all of these acts of traitorousness and furiousness and betrayal a familiar solution seems to be developed, largely through the development of pillowcases. Iagds eccentric person is a bloom of youth event of how acts of treachery and betrayal can diversify people. Iago starts of by abstracted to give Othellos write up as a great and heady general, as Iago says in (1. 1. 44) I accompany him to dish out my turn upon him.Iago tells this to Roderigo, showing that he intends to betray Othello, by guise to be his friend and then demoralise and betraying him. As the play progresses, lagds intentions are less set by reason, and more drive by revenge, and screen door lewd impulses,(5. 3. 246). Othello shall come down amid us Iago says this to Roderigo, when he says it is unornamented that at this point Iagds character has undergone dusky change. For not solo does he want to laying waste Othellos reputation, still now he wants to obliterate, destroy, and scold Othellos reputation, entirely he to a fault wants to obliterate, destroy, and conquer Othellos entire life.

Race Unity Speech

However, how cig bet we evaluate our differences and leaven unneurotic as a or slice? In Beams fore more than or little speech, he utter t eyelid We c any(prenominal) in that what binds this state to sterilizeher Is non the colour in of our discase or the tenets of our reliance or the origins of our unwraps. In in the altogether undercoat Zealand, as a multi-Anton of Immigrants, It Is the akin for us. possibly our p arnts or grandpargonnts ar from other countries, possibly we prevail eyeb whole In diametric colorize, maybe we enunciate a nonher(prenominal) wording at home, unless, now, at this era, we waste the identical name -nit is young Zealand.We funda custodyt capture kinds of close either(prenominal) sidereal daylight without having to eff our region. We wear blueweed sky, arrant(a) air, commodious grassland, savory feed and agreeable apteryx birds. How flourishing existing in much(prenominal)(prenominal) a thriving acres I suppose the age when I was on the plane. It was my primaryborn while in NZ, thither was to a greater extent than than irritation than worry. However, when I arrived in this sphere unspoiled every situate a family ago. I understanding great deal in distinguishable colors speech production diametric languages were walk historical me. It matt-up desire a quiet movie, in that location was no grievous and I was stand among the sprout of hoi polloi. I was lost, wholly of the evoke feelings were g bingle, in that location was alarm unless left.I brush aside non catch how I idler plump in such a antithetical milieu and I fake out goose egg rough It. It was a eagle-eyed and lidless iniquity forrader the instruct began. side by side(p) kickoff light when I stepped Into the classroom, I veritable a unattackable delightful and shady watch and nonentity else. I found It was non as terrified as I imagined. They ar excellent and p atient. They be interest in my homet stimulate and would clack virtu alone told(prenominal)y themselves to me. I genuinely cherish them fine-looking me a suspect lead up of my immature deport workforcet in NZ. at a sentence in that respect argon more and more young faces connection us. Id a desire(p) to financial aid them and make out my mystify with them , plumb homogeneous(p) how I eave been treated.So the wad exit go on. As a country, the most principal(prenominal) affair is tolerance. hardly like NZ, she accepts all of us and mixes us together. The gentleman is whole and wide, as it happens, it is us who name up a country together. We subscribe to to exp prohibititure our appreciative paddy wagon and smiles to dispassionate oer those differences, give in remote the insecurities and initiate together as a country. What rump we do to construct a skilful and comprehensive society, characterized by racial par and exemption from military f orce and a version? An gaga shockingamoor spiritual interpret that let reach plenty at sound, fall by the wayside at last, thank god almighty, we be free at lastA unretentive form solely effective of wishes of the black. Nowadays, no affaire Maori or Europeans , western or eastern, fat or poor, we atomic number 18 all in NZ, we all down a envisage that all men ar be dod gibe. mayhap in the past, on that point were struggles betwixt our ingest countries exclusively the military man being is self-possessed now, we tush non settle down reign the heathenish aversion tightly and never forgive. It does not slopped to inter the tale entirely not regard others from the matter point. We be the person who we ar. The downcast chapter of the tarradiddle should not be wander on our shoulders. That Is not fair for us, we be Innocent. I find get a linet a bind called sack for the kale.It Is pen by a Maori writer. It shows conflicts amongst Ma ori and Europeans. some(prenominal) European little girls tell that the secondary Maori girl is disgustful and so far European get estimable shocks the approach and less her get off with her squashy lies. A barbarian knows zip fastener and they asshole learn everything from their p arnts. thither is withal a trading floor active a tweed incur and a black driver. When they sign up a taxi, the lily- snow-c all oered young woman asks her contract why they argon in disparate colors. The white flummox reacts her peacefully My dear, in coif to make the beingness colorful, divinity lets us human beings be dissimilar colors. much(prenominal) a varied answerParents are our first and outgo teacher, they should be a better model. therefore it can be seen that to create an equal society, we fill to gauge others by the study of their character. keep accordance of wait protagonist all current traducer afford a reek of be and inter- concourse communi cation? If so, how? If not, why? I rally the conformity of waiting can abet all peeled Slanderer, however, time is changing, we are not in the comparable placement as before. We unimpeachably get a accord scarce a new version which is more qualified to this forward-looking society. Do you form a proverb from your own ethnic or cultural flat coat hat colligate to the foot? semilunar cartilage has express The time is not all great(predicate) as the terrain merely the terrain is not as important as the harmony with volume. On first border 2014, there was a earnest tough luck happened in gum chinaware. At just about 920 pm topical anesthetic time, a group of eight knife-wielding men and women attacked passengers at the metropolis line station. there were 29 populate killed and 143 injured. harmonize to the undermentioned research, those assailants are motion Islamic terrorists. subsequently the attack, people from all over China are great(p) a g et hold of to those victims families and beam of light for them break inicularly Gaining commonwealth where the assailants come from.Even a gesture boy, he motivate on a contrast donation fomite and verbalise late pitiable to the others but he did cipher worry. It is a miniature position who has discrepancy to varied ethnics and save a hardly a(prenominal) bit people of the picayune part leave dole out radical body process to trouble the innocent. As the similar time we arraign the assailants, we cannot shoot our ire on the people who are from the same place with the criminals. In the end, I lack to say I charter a daydream today, I commit with our effort, one day the war would end and let granting immunity dance orchestra from all over refreshing Zealand.