Roger Berg--Management Ethics - 2365 Words

CASE 2: Roger Berg | BUS500M Management Principles and DynamicsProf. Reynaldo Lugtu (DBA Cand.) | Glenn CabacangRj ManalangWenzi Jeanne MartinezJoyce OngRyan Yuquico | I. Synthesis Roger Berg, the Vice President for Planning of the Lake Corporation, had to recommend a subcontractor for the environmental study project in connection with their planned large resort. The contract has been decided in principle to be awarded to Ceil Grant, one of their regular subcontractors. However, after a lunch conversation with Del, who represented a larger contractor firm, Roger changed his mind, now recommending Del’s company to take on the project instead. Faced with a situation of moral dilemma, he has to decide what would be the right thing to†¦show more content†¦VI. Discussion of Frameworks Sources of Management Ethics Dyck and Neubert (2012) defined ethics as [A] set of principles or moral standards that differentiate right from wrong. It is a way of determining the morality of any action. It is important that managers adhere to ethical principles that will guide them in making appropriate and ethical decisions for the company. Thus, Roger Berg, being Vice-President of Planning at The Lake Corporation plays a significant role in the company in ensuring that decisions are made without tarnishing management ethics. He must face and weather through the challenges caused by other sources that could put him in ethical dilemma situations and push him to render management decisions violating ethics. Moral Philosophy of â€Å"Egoism† By giving Del the benefit of the doubt, the consequentialist approach - egoism – could not be firmly established in the case. Without clear indications of and espousal by Del taking advantage of his connections with Dr. Neil and using the opportunity as a chance to totally convince Roger to recommend him for the project, the application of the moral philosophy of egoism approach could be hardly justified. Merely, facts of the case suggest that Del only told Roger about his acquaintance with Dr. Neil and did not even ask for any favors outright. AsShow MoreRelatedRoger Berg--Management Ethics2354 Words   |  10 PagesCASE 2: Roger Berg | BUS500M Management Principles and DynamicsProf. Reynaldo Lugtu (DBA Cand.) | Glenn CabacangRj ManalangWenzi Jeanne MartinezJoyce OngRyan Yuquico | I. Synthesis Roger Berg, the Vice President for Planning of the Lake Corporation, had to recommend a subcontractor for the environmental study project in connection with their planned large resort.   The contract has been decided in principle to be awarded to Ceil Grant, one of their regular subcontractors. However, after a lunchRead MoreThe Importance Of Employee Well Being And Productivity1908 Words   |  8 Pagesnecessary that employees have the freedom to have a voice in their workplace and are able to speak freely to management about any problems that may arise, to avoid the negative impacts of pseudo echo. 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The Biggest Myth About Common Argumentative Essay Topics Exposed

The Biggest Myth About Common Argumentative Essay Topics Exposed Then take a look at a list of argumentative essay suggestions to help you begin. In this kind of situation, it's more convenient to discover ready-made essays and use them as an example. Even though the essay questions change, the topic of the essays often stays the same. The conventional five-paragraph essay is not uncommon in writing argumentative essays, but it's only one method to write one. The above-mentioned topic choice may give you a crystal clear comprehension of what things to write about. You're an actual topic enthusiast! It's not sufficient to select a topic which everybody agrees on. Quite frequently, the ideal topic is one which you truly care about, but you also will need to get well prepared to research it. You don't need to acquire super technical with legal argumentative essays, but don't forget to do your homework on what the recent laws about your favorite topic actually say. Then you will analyze the way in which either gender is portrayed in your preferred media. Relevant Topics that are related to your society will engage the reader in the most effective possible way. Your thesis ought to be relevant so the post can use a structure that's flexible in order to fit in the shoes of the readers. Unless you are extended a topic as a portion of the assignment, you want to choose one. If you're in a college and need to compose an argumentative essay, you should decide on a subject of high importance. Obviously, it's so much better when a student is supplied a freedom to decide on the subject of their essay. Common Argumentative Essay Topics Can Be Fun for Everyone The most frequently encountered paper writing service that the bulk of our clients require is essay writing. If you do hire an essay writing service that will help you begin, make sure you come across a top-quality essay writing service that checks each of the boxes above before purchasing an essay and you ought to be all set! The very first step is where a lot of students become stuck. A researchable subject with different prospective sources gives you accessibility to the degree of in fo you want to develop into an authority on the subject. Examine the list to choose the topic which can help you compose a creative essay for your middle school class. As tempting as it might appear to skip past the extra info and go right to the list of persuasive essay topics, don't do it. The list is really endless. Organize your data and keep comprehensive notes to ensure it is simpler to refer back to certain parts of research. Inspiration to make your own advertising or media argumentative essay topics isn't tough to discover. There are lots of custom writing services like writing elites convert words to pages that may help you design a perfect script. If you feel you require assistance with your written assignments it is preferable to request skilled help from online writing service. At times it can be complicated to know precisely where to start, which is the reason it is important to reach out for assistance from an essay writing service, peer or mentor to be certain you've got a good foundation of supporting facts. Understanding Common Argumentative Essay Topics You don't need to lose grades as a result of incorrect essay format. Argument essays can be organized in an assortment of means. Persuasive essays share a whole lot of resemblance with argumentative essays. It's quite tough to craft a well-researched essay in one hour or less. There are lots of aspects about a sport that may be argued in an essay. Your essay may center on gender issues from different sections of the world such as women rights in the Middle East and so forth. Another reason is to observe how well students argue on various views and demonstrate understanding of the studied subject. To write a fantastic argumentative essay the students first must investigate several sides of the argument, allowing them to make an educated stance.

Literature Review on Budgetary Slack in Western Country Sample

Questions: Write a Report on the basis of Literature Review on Budgetary Slack in Western Country basically, Australia and India Showing Various Reviews and Discussions on the same. Answer: Introduction Budgetary slack, started in the twentieth century, 60 years. With alternate components of administration studies, notwithstanding drawing on the investigation of financial matters and administration of the most recent accomplishments, the general attributes of the utilization of econometric models outside the territories secured is exceptionally expansive, however extremely rich in substance of the review. (Slack, 2015) Literature Review Revelation of budgetary slack In prior reviews, Cyert trusts that budgetary slack from the arrangement procedure, Schiff and Lewin took after by a substantial Fortune 100 organization's three division found that, after meeting deals target can be effectively accomplished. In an examination it demonstrates that business conjectures will prompt budgetary slack. They have five vast associations arbitrarily chose 32 supervisors, and give them an individual eye to eye study, 80% of the respondents obviously perceived that their arrangement is to unwind the financial plan (Budding, 2015). It has been considered that the budgetary slack control will happen in any year. Schiff and Lewin gauges that working expenses of division there are around 20% - 25%, it ought to be ascribed to budgetary slack. They called attention to that this proportion is an association the genuine cost and the littlest conceivable cost contrasts. (Chong, 2015) In case of budgetary slack there are two primary conclusions, to begin with, the supervisor was keen on assembling and endeavor to increase budgetary slack; second, budgetary slack across the board in numerous associations. Budgetary slack and its effect Many reviews were done on the financial plan, the meaning of unwinding, this article just an outline of an agent perspective. The meaning of budgetary slack is inside a specific scope of the aggregate spending plan and vital spending plan for the distinction. It has been proposed that budgetary slack is thinking little of the income and overestimate the cost, or to make it less demanding to accomplish spending targets belittle suitability conduct (De Baerdemaeker, 2015). In his view, budgetary slack is 'chief, who intentionally made a useful need to go past the measure of budgetary assets, or purposely dismiss the limit of characterized budgetary slack for a sensible spending plan and the genuine contrast between the base cost. Budgetary slack is 'chiefs who purposely made a commonsense need to go past the measure of budgetary assets, or intentionally think little of the limit of, if the better decision spending guidelines than survey the subordinates as a kind of perspective employm ent execution, this inclination especially obvious. From another point of view, consider that the unwinding is past the finish of a work must be a piece of the assets (Langevin, 2013).What's more, there are numerous researchers that when the evaluated cost, spending incomes or creation volume to these pointers are the aftereffects of future operations and non-predisposition assessed cases, arranged out, however in real execution is more effectively accomplished than the spending focuses on, this marvel is called budgetary slack. All the above perspective there are two things in like manner, to start with, budgetary slack is that individuals in the spending administration, an underestimation of pay and gainful limit, and (or) on the expenses and asset utilization overestimated; Second, budgetary slack is an element of distance(Davila, 2014). With this useful attributes of the association of estrangement, its financial result is the absence of control and basic leadership data in the bends brought about. It has been finished up, paying little respect to the conditions and the type of budgetary slack is an element of the level of distance, this estrangement relies on upon spending administration. From the chief's perspective, budgetary slack can likewise keep away from the antagonistic ecological unusualness. Therefore, the spending office chief will be to invigorate an inclination to go amiss from the financial plan for appraisal to guarantee that their financial plans all the more effectively accomplished, it will look better their execution(Onaran, 2014). Larger amount chiefs in the utilization of bookkeeping information assessment when the aftereffects of operations, it will since they don't have all the data is one-sided. Then again, because of budgetary slack will deliver wasteful aspects and waste, so in view of self-enthusiasm on the premise of budgetary slack is undesirable for the association. Non-reasonable objectives imply that directors don't have to come up short on assets, better ready to accomplish the vital outcomes, it is inadmissible. From the office hypothesis structure is concerned, considering the lessening of data asymmetry, and a few organizations have composed motivation instrument and execution improving apparatuses to support chiefs in the finishing and over the spending focuses, to guarantee that reports beyond their control all the data (Hagelund, 2015). Be that as it may, these endeavors to diminish the slack with little achievement. Reasons for budgetary slack Western researchers trust that the control of unwinding to take care of the spending issue, the most essential thing is to investigate the explanations behind arrangement of budgetary slack, and on this premise, the exact impact of budgetary slack needs to do with the natural connection between budgetary slack (Abraham, 2015). In this way, in various budgetary slack in the writing, the elements influencing budgetary slack and spending unwinding investigation of the connection in between, possessing a large portion of the space. Generally speaking, the specialists required in these components incorporate the two angles, one is related with the spending administration itself, the effect of elements; the other is outside the spending administration variables.(Langevin, 2013) Research Methods and Tools deployed The procedure of hypothetical research, that is, on the premise of past research comes about, utilizing the most developed research worldview, joined with practice, the most earnest need to address particular issues, set forward another examination procedure. In light of the present perspective, for budgetary slack reviews, specifically. To begin with, budgetary slack ancestors research ought to be led to completely study and study once more, particularly abroad, an extensive number of budgetary slack observational research writing of learning and re-ponder, another beginning stage for the review on budgetary slack. Second, the particular qualities of the fundamental budgetary slack, to financial matters, administration science, brain research, behavioral science to clarify the significant hypothesis is to expressly concentrate the substance and study the essential beginning stage (Maiga, 2014). An absence of hypothetical premise, and surely there is no profundity. Third, experimenta l research has ended up being the most logical investigation of budgetary slack, the best, additionally the remote standard research worldview. As per another wellspring of research information can be named open information strategy, exploratory technique and overview technique for three. Freely accessible information technique is portrayed by information accumulation simple, yet the present residential openly accessible information concentrated on recorded organizations, and is fundamentally the budgetary pointers (Ross, 2015). The spending administration issues identified with interior administration of ventures having a place with non-open data. Trial technique depends on certain particular gathering of individuals for the examination of items, present, numerous undergrads and in-administration preparing, business administration officer to have the capacity to infer some significant data, yet with a particular pragmatic operation, there is a sure separation. The issue is most rel evant to research spending slack, and it is most normal in observational investigations of remote strategies, when the debasement poll overview. Be that as it may, for the time being, this strategy in the operation with a high level of trouble. To start with issue is alarmingly low reaction rate, trailed by the affectability of the issue on account of budgetary slack prompt organizations and scientists with the issue. On the experimental research strategy itself, since India has a unique framework setting, coordinate replicating is likewise viewed as unthinkable (Ramadan, 2015). Fourthly, for the change of the issues recognized and set forward the introduce of countermeasures must be founded on target variables exist in the financial plan with the target presence of the marvel of unwinding of the inherent importance, it is hard to discuss finishes of the review to be logical.(Onaran, 2014) Discoveries Budget affect study to take an interest. Budgetary cooperation portrayed in this article alludes to administration at various levels under the conditions permitted and the preparation of all levels of directors in this area spending definition, usage, input, and so on to take an interest completely over the span of lead (Blay, 2016). Many reviews in the writing have called attention to that in the spending readiness prepare, the subordinates will build the support of the potential for rising budgetary slack. Assist, trusted that the monetary allowance to subordinate supervisors required in giving an immediate consequence of budgetary slack of the open doors, while the low level of budgetary cooperation will restrain these open doors (Helpap, 2016) . With respect to budgetary cooperation and budgetary slack the connection between the finish of the review was part into two camps, both sides inferred that the conflicting. Party trusts that the supervisor's expectation to utilize the fin ancial backing to take an interest in such measures prompt budgetary slack, to build creation limit have a negative impact, inciting the decrease in proficiency; while alternate trusts that administrators receive the spending investment, won't expand the budgetary slack. Onsi concentrate expressly expressed that the spending investment is not really important to permit supervisors to make budgetary slack. The review inferred that the financial backing is not just required in the diminishment of budgetary slack assumed a vital part, additionally trust that budgetary support helps administrators are persuaded that the monetary allowance is neither a diversion nor is it a bookkeeping device, (Porporato, 2013)which will make them feel and Without some weight and compelled to make budgetary slack. Further, found that budgetary cooperation and chiefs make budgetary slack among negative connection. A review has been directed, with the goal that cooperation can lessen their subordinate prot ective responses, including a spending slack, and can make utilization of spending information bosses assess the execution of subordinates. What's more, found that budgetary cooperation would make the chiefs feel that there is no compelling reason to make budgetary slack planning, and hence would tend to make more troublesome their main goal destinations (Lee, 2015). Budget a reasonable effect considers. Reasonableness is portrayed in this article alludes to the financial plan in the spending administration prepare, between the upper and lower levels, parallel is a symphonious and equivalent connection amongst associates, and a financial plan for every member have the capacity to appreciate reasonable treatment (Rachman, 2014). A ton of papers have concentrated the hierarchical basic leadership process and collaboration on reasonableness issues, including the financial plan and wage dispersion, execution and other related settings. Facilitate, trusted that the spending effect of subordinate value trust for direct bosses, while the immediate director of the trust would influence the propensity to subordinate spending slack (Slack, 2015). The spending effect of trust in a reasonable, while the trust thusly tends to influence the spending slack. In this manner, the spending reasonable for majorly affect the spending slack. The analysts separated int o two sorts of the spending circumstance in a reasonable, one procedural decency (procedural reasonableness), in particular, the arrangement of the spending procedure is reasonable; second is a reasonable trade (interactional reasonableness), to be specific, coordinate manager in the execution procedure of the spending procedure is reasonable, this will influence the two sorts of reasonableness under the immediate chief's trust (Mutambara, 2016). Spending members in the decency of the assessment procedure ought to be proposed, a formal authoritative chiefs need to give to them to express their perspectives and also the chance to be heard against the silly, the program to guarantee precise data contained in the basic leadership. In assessing the reasonableness of trades, the financial plan, the members concentrated on a few imperative elements, for example, regardless of whether arrangement producers to settle on choices by the effect of relational affectability, and in addition whet her approach creators to settle on exact and extensive basic leadership clarification. The reviews have demonstrated that cooperation of the decency of the methods and the effect a supervisor's states of mind and conduct, for example, work fulfillment, hierarchical faithfulness, the privilege to arrange conduct, administration appraisal, business goals and execution (Sturm, 2014). In a current related review, (Wang, 2017)found that collaboration with the spending procedure and the reasonableness of such factors can influence the propensity of budgetary slack. Investigation of social trade hypothesis, the scientists presumed that, through the spending procedure and the reasonableness of the procedure of cooperation may debilitate the propensity of the administrator's budgetary slack. Spending accentuation affect examines. Spending accentuation portrayed in this article alludes to abnormal state supervisors to the fruition of spending focuses as the reason for appraisal at all levels (divisions, and positions) in operation or administration execution, and to survey comes about similar to the evaluators to create pay or motivator programs premise (Slack, 2016). Writing information show that spending accentuation additionally will influence the financial plan, members, and identified with budgetary slack. In the audit, brought up that if subordinates mindful of their compensation relies on upon the financial plan, they will take an interest in the financial plan as a positive (Yigitbasioglu, 2015). Financial plan is a common authoritative execution reference standard, and on the grounds that the lower an incessant member in the improvement of this standard, supervisors will endeavor to make the standard as they trust the monetary allowance can be accomplished. As th e director pay regularly relies on upon examination with the standard of execution, it might result is instituted after the two sides deal spending plan, the financial backing contains the unwinding element. In this sense, the accomplishment of the destinations and the objective of budgetary slack is viewed as identical (Sangkala, 2013). This review presumed that: directors to make budgetary slack to meet the financial backing based execution assessment necessities. In the investigation of a bigger service organization administrators to the conclusion that post: If the larger amount accentuation of the assessment the reason for the spending data, the lower is make budgetary slack to react. What's more, proposed that if there is a lower-level support is normal from the financial plan - and along these lines the normal outcomes connected to the financial plan, they would arrange the financial plan, when budgetary slack has risen. This review comes about demonstrate that the distinctions in elucidation of the prerequisites and incorporate support in their own particular execution connected reward framework is not urging chiefs to make budgetary slack. Inquire about pointed out that, on the off chance that we embrace to upgrade the execution of the tight spending plan, approach, spending administration, the truth of pred isposition is probably going to happen. Onsi inferred that, unless the monetary allowance was set at a sensible level, generally administrators will have a tendency to make budgetary slack. Early reviews have demonstrated that the certainty of the financial plan and spending unwinding impacts deliver a positive connection. Obviously, there are some opposite discoveries, on a lower spending plan, focused on that it would achieve less motivation to make budgetary slack chiefs. He suggested that the spending execution evaluation at a lower stretch mode, the financial backing required in the spending will be higher than under anxiety have a more noteworthy budgetary slack. (Chong, 2016) Discussions on Analysis and Findings Hypothetical review abroad budgetary slack is to a great degree concentrated on the investigation of the reasons for budgetary slack, correspondingly, as to the reasons for budgetary slack research papers in the examination writing likewise possesses a vast extent. Budgetary slack is a more mind boggling marvel, which delivered what the inspiration is most likely of their supreme essential for powerful control. Just clear from the financial plan and deal with their own spending cooperation, spending accentuation, budgetary attributes of decency and spending focuses, and also from outside the spending administration data asymmetry and related conduct variables, for example, unwinding of the inward and Budget, generally, the fundamental connection be conceivable to recommend the correct pharmaceutical (De Baerdemaeker, 2015). Propose arrangements and reactions, on this premise is a characteristic outcome. Western created nations in the investigation of budgetary slack, it is to do as s uch, and hence likewise demonstrated this is without a doubt the act of budgetary slack control gives a superior clarification and expectation abilities. Hypothetical Study abroad budgetary slack, and not only the spending slack spending administration as just the center of an issue, however draw vigorously on financial aspects, administration science, hierarchical conduct hypothesis, and even the most recent accomplishments in brain science will be set on budgetary slack to inspect. Because of budgetary slack goal is influenced by many figures nature, and its commonsense results which likewise has an all the more colossal ramifications, so the main path into record, keeping in mind the end goal to acquire precise and logical research. Hypothetical Study abroad budgetary slack is based on the premise of possibility hypothesis. From this side, the Western created nations, budgetary slack has an imperative element of research is to break down particular issues of the possibility hypothesis based and in mix with different speculations, to concentrate the act of budgetary slack exists particular issues. In these writing, barely any discussion about the financial plan on the spending circumstance. (Hussein, 2016) Hypothetical Study of budgetary slack abroad have embraced by far most of standard exact research worldview. On account of budgetary slack is an extremely solid rehearsing ranges, and as per information from the study, utilizing observational research techniques, the most ready to uncover the financial plan for unwinding and the inborn connection between the applicable factors to concentrate the objectivity of the finishes of the most grounded, additionally there can expand the potential for future eras to keep on providing the reason for research, while sensible spending plan to give hypothetical support to the unwinding of controls. (Onaran, 2014) Conclusions After writing audit we found that by far most of remote budgetary slack hypothetical reviews have embraced the standard of observational research worldview, however essentially a homogeneous through polls, gathering information, measuring the particular strategy for factual examination. The primary reason is as per the following: First, despite the fact that the budgetary slack is a more mind boggling hypothesis of classes, however the components related with it is the essential set, utilizing experimental research worldview, uncovering the financial plan for the unwinding and related variables of the inborn connection between the target presence is an extremely logical; Secondly, in the West investigation of administration conduct that is in Australia and India, the wonder of the across the board utilization of the poll review strategy, has a long verifiable improvement, to take an interest out in the open acknowledgment and attention to a higher level of objectivity and believabili ty of information accumulation is additionally great, simple to complete this kind of observational research; third, the consequences of exact research ancestors is more rich for future eras established the framework for further research. References Abraham, S., Marston, C., Jones, E. (2015). Disclosure by Indian companies following corporate governance reform.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,16(1), 114-137. Blay, A. D., Gooden, E. S., Mellon, M. J., Stevens, D. E. (2016). The Usefulness of Social Norm Theory in Empirical Business Ethics Research: A Review and Suggestions for Future Research.Journal of Business Ethics, 1-16. Budding, T., Grossi, G. (2015). Public sector budgeting.Public Sector Accounting, 122-144. Chong, V. K., Loy, C. Y. (2015). The Effect of a Leaders Reputation on Budgetary Slack. InAdvances in Management Accounting(pp. 49-102). Emerald Group Publishing Limited. Chong, V. K. (2016). An Experimental Investigation on the Effect of Feedback Control Policy and Need for Achievement on Subordinates' Budgetary Slack Creation.Asia-Pacific Management Accounting Journal,7(1). Davila, A., Epstein, M. J., Manzoni, J. F. (Eds.). (2014).Performance measurement and management control: Behavioral implications and human actions. Emerald Group Publishing. De Baerdemaeker, J., Bruggeman, W. (2015). The impact of participation in strategic planning on managers creation of budgetary slack: The mediating role of autonomous motivation and affective organisational commitment.Management Accounting Research,29, 1-12. Hagelund, A., Pedersen, A. W. (2015). 12 To Reform or Not to Reform? Explaining the Coexistence of Successful Pension Reform and Sick Pay Inertia in Norway.Cooperation and conflict the Nordic way. Work, welfare, and institutional change in Scandinavia. Hussein, S. S., Maji, S. G., Panda, N. M. (2016). The association between budget goal clarity and managerial performance in Iraqi oil refinery: the role of budget goal difficulty and budget participation.Middle East Journal of Management,3(4), 343-358. Helpap, D. J. (2016). The Importance and Complexity of Assessing Urban Fiscal Health.State and Local Government Review, 0160323X16659908. Langevin, P., Mendoza, C. (2013). How can management control system fairness reduce managers unethical behaviours?.European Management Journal,31(3), 209-222. Lee, K., Fukuda, N., Matsugi, S. (2015). Mechanisms for Lowering Budgetary Slack in Japanese Companies.Lean Management of Global Supply Chain,12, 231. Maiga, A. S., Nilsson, A., Jacobs, F. A. (2014). Assessing the impact of budgetary participation on budgetary outcomes: the role of information technology for enhanced communication and activity-based costing.Journal of Management Control,25(1), 5-32. Mutambara, E., Chinyoka, A. (2016). The budgetary process for effective performance of universities in a resource stricken economy: a conceptual framework. Onaran, ., Boesch, V. (2014). The effect of globalization on the distribution of taxes and social expenditures in Europe: do welfare state regimes matter?.Environment and Planning A,46(2), 373-397. Porporato, M. (2013). Management control systems in joint ventures: literature review and description of three cases.International Journal of Managerial and Financial Accounting,5(1), 45-63. Rachman, A. A. (2014). The Effect of Organization Commitment and Procedural Fairness on Participative Budgeting and Its Implication to Performance Moderating by Management Accounting Information (A Survey on Province Local Government Unit Agencies of West Java).Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research,3(1), 201. Ramadan, K., Joseph, M. (2015). THE IMPACT OF INDIVIDUALISM AND COLLECTIVISM DIMENSION ON BUDGETARY SLACKAN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF ANGLO-AMERICAN AND LIBYAN COMPANIES OPERATING IN LIBYAN OIL SECTOR.Asia-Pacific Journal of Education, Business and Society,1(1). Ross, S., Laing, G., Parle, G. (2015). Attitudes towards budgets in SME's: Exploring the theory of planned behaviour.e-Journal of Social Behavioural Research in Business,6(2), 34. Sangkala, M., Jamil, C. Z. B. M., Kamardin, H. (2013). The effect of diagnostic control system and belief control system in the relationship between budget participation and budget slack.Innovation, Communication and Engineering, 455. Slack, E. (2015, May). Local Finances and Fiscal Equalization Schemes in Comparative Perspective. InDas Teilen beherrschen(pp. 283-312). Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Co. KG. Slack, R., Munz, M. (2016). Intellectual capital reporting, leadership and strategic change.Journal of Applied Accounting Research,17(1), 61-83. Sturm, K., Grinham, A., Werner, U., Yuan, Z. (2014, May). Tidal influence on subtropical estuarine methane emissions. InEGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts(Vol. 16, p. 16195). Wang, W. (2017). The effects of political and fiscal incentives on local government behavior: An analysis of fiscal slack in China.International Public Management Journal,20(2), 294-315. Yigitbasioglu, O. M. (2015). The role of institutional pressures and top management support in the intention to adopt cloud computing solutions.Journal of Enterprise Information

Sweatshops Essay free essay sample

The global intercontinental coorporations sweatshops capture the requirements of the CLS and this way they are providing better options and opportunities to the workers in the third world contries. Maitland claims, that the multinational business corporations must inform their employees of the risks and hazards, to which each one of them is subjected at the work place. This idea corresponds with Milton friedmans view that freedom equals choice as biliteral, voluntary and informed transaction. The idea of negative freedom in the sweatshops ( meaning: that corporations are giving the opportunity to poor people to work and labor, are limiting their choice in the same time) is obvious. Friedmain says that lack of options limits ones freedom and Ians keeps repeating that when the companies satisfies his CLS conditions , the multinational sweatshops are giving better options to the third world countries. Thomas Carson gives his objections to the CLS by addressing three cases directly to Maitland, he is not arguing that Ians thesis is not moral, but it does not settle the moral questions at issue. We will write a custom essay sample on Sweatshops Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In his first case, he describes the following situation: He lives in rural North Dakota and he has a very sickly woman as a neighbour. There is a huge blizzard that leaves the village without electricity and their only option is to use wood stoves and fireplaces. Since his neigbour does not have any of these, he is giving her the option to help her in exchange of her antique prize collection. In the second case, the situation is almost the same , a man carring a suitcase with a lot of money in it, sprains his ancle, but there is a huge torm coming and there is only one person, who could help him, of course in exchange of his suitcase. In response to those two cases, Maitland argues that the situations in the cases are different of those in the sweatshops : I don’t think the cases are relevantly similar ( Carson, 4). His arguments are that, since there is not equal base for the sweatshops and the two cases, judgements cannot be made reasonably in order to justifies ones thesis. The third case that Carsons describes is situationthat takes place in a hike and there are more people, who are able to help, the one in need. Here Maitland provides his argument, that those cases are based on emergencies situation, while the sweatshops in the third world are chronicle condition. Later on in the text Carsons provides us with the Ians argument : What about that ‘‘saddling’’ multinational corporations with additional duties will have harmful consequences since it will make them less likely to offer employment to people in poor countries? ( Carsons, 5) . Thomas argues, that this is unclear and confussed, but is also supporting the idea that in general the international corporation are more willing to limit the freedom of the third world labor, than the business corporations recognized by the CLS. Till the end of the article, Carsons explaines and gives support to how and what his arguments do and do not apply to Ian Maitlands view on the etichal relationship between sweatshops, employees and multinational business corporations. In this text, the main idea of the author is revealed in the article Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit. Wich leads us to the main questions and argument of Carson: 1) What is freedom? Is it exchangable? Does it limit the employees or give them options? 2) Is this exchange between both parties mutual? 3) Does it benefits equal to corporations and cheap labor countries ? First, I would like to begin with a description of sweatshops. The name sweatshop gives us a pretty clear description of how hard is the labor in these pleaces. More over multinational companies sweatshop are instituted in and only in third world countries such as the ones described in the article Indonesia, China. These countries are poor and overpopulated, suffering form unemployement, and the limitations of employement and poverty among the people are something common and chronicle, as described in the text. This is a perfect opportunitiy for a big manufacture corporation to build a sweatshop and provide some of the poor people with sweat labor, pretending to give them freedom and options for it, while at the same time they are limiting, their human rights by providing them with sufficient amount of work for more than 12 hours, a day for example. Yes, Maitland give us argumentation, that a begginng worker , earns 5 times more than local wage. Yes, that might be true, but with what cost, this person earn his wage? 20 hours of labor a day, no personal life, limit of freedom? Maitland based on his CLS, states that if corporations are based on this liberal standartization and if it is freely chosen by informed workers there is mutual transactions between both parties, and this way both parties are satisfied. I support the idea of Carsons, that in the Ians argument, does not bring the etichal issue, or arent companies giving options, to poor people (providing them with labor), actually taking their freedom in exchange for their labor? This would lead me to my next argument about mutual exchange, does it exists between the two parties? I support the idea of Maitland and Friedman, that freedom is a transaction that must be biletaral and mutual in order to benefit both parties. But, since the only idea of corporations and business is profit, there is no such thing as equal mutrual exchange. International Corporations had found a perfect field, to earn bilions of profit each year, claiming that they provide poor third world countries with options. I would like to support my argument with the theory of Ronald Duska, that there is no such thins as relationship other than physical labor ( provided from the workers) to company, wich leads me to my argument that there is no equal benefit from both parties. The labor in third world countries, and not only, the poor people working in these sweatshops are viewed as labor, equipment, machinery. Just instruments for money and profit. I based my arguments and my point of view on Duskas theory and I do not think that in the business, espesically international sweatshops are concerned with any ethical or moral issues,concerning the labor in their seatshops. My personal understanding about the Carsons cases is that they are a simple methaphor for the sweatshops ( meaning the one in need is the third world country people and the person offering help are the big corporations). In all the sititations , we see that the desire to help is driven only by purposes that are far away from ethical and moral, and seek only ones benefit from the situation. Even if the companies are considering the CLS, their primary and only reaseon is their profit and nothing else. I think that he succesfully and indirectly argued his thesis, providing the reader with his cases regarding CLS. In conclusion, Carsons article Free Exchange for Mutual Benefit: Sweatshops and Maitlands Classical Liberal Standard gives us a wide field for argument if Maitlands CLS improves the mutual benefit between labor and manufacturer. I think that there is no such thing as liberal standartization, when it comes , to manufacturers, business and profit. Unfortunatelly, in todays society money drive the world, and the corporations, espesially in the third world countries are limiting the freedom and choice of poor people, and the only one that benefits from that transaction are international corporations. Unfortunatelly moral and ethics, does not take place in the third world, and the multiunational companies are the partie that have the freedom and the choices to control the poor and weak by closing their eyes, with earnings and wages, while limiting the freedom of the individual in the third world.

The Etymology of Geometry Terms

The Etymology of Geometry Terms Theres an anecdote about how the philosopher-mathematician Pythagoras overcame a students natural dislike of geometry. The student was poor, so Pythagoras offered to pay him an obol for each theorem he learned. Eager for the money, the student agreed and applied himself. Soon, however, he became so intrigued, he begged Pythagoras to go faster, and even offered to pay his teacher. In the end, Pythagoras recouped his losses. Etymology provides a safety net of demystification. When all the words you hear are new and confusing, or when those around you put old words to strange purposes, a grounding in etymology may help. Take the word line. You put your  ruler to paper and draw a line against the straight edge. If youre an actor, you learn your lines line after line of text in a script. Clear. Obvious. Simple. But then you hit Geometry. Suddenly your common sense is challenged by technical definitions*, and line, which comes from the Latin word linea (a linen thread), loses all practical meaning, becoming, instead, an intangible, dimension-less concept that goes off at both ends to eternity. You hear about parallel lines that by definition never meet each other except they do in some warped reality dreamt up by Albert Einstein. The concept you have always known as the  line has been renamed line segment. After a few days, it comes as something of a relief to run into an intuitively obvious circle, whose definition as a set of points equidistant from a central point still fits your previous experience. That circle** (coming possibly from a Greek verb meaning to hoop around or from a diminutive of the circular Roman circus, circulus) is marked with what you would have, in pre-geometry days, called a line across part of it. This line is called a chord. The word chord comes from the Greek word (chordà ª) for a piece of animal gut used as a string in a lyre. They still use (not necessarily cat) gut for violin strings. After circles, youll probably study equiangular or equilateral triangles. Knowing the etymology, you can break those words up into component parts: equi (equal), angular, angle, lateral (of a side/sided), and tri (3). A three-sided object with all sides equal. It is possible that youll see triangle referred to as trigon. Again, tri means 3, and gon derives from the Greek word for corner or angle, gà ´nia. However, youre far more likely to see the word trigonometry trigon the Greek word for measure. Geo-metry is the measure of Gaia (Geo), the Earth. If youre studying geometry, you probably already know you must memorize theorems, axioms, and definitions corresponding with names. Names of Shapes cylinderdodecagonheptagonhexagonoctagonparallelogrampolygonprismpyramidquadrilateralrectanglespheresquare andtrapezoid. While the theorems and axioms are pretty much geometry-specific, the names of shapes and their properties have further applications in science and life. Beehives and snowflakes are both dependent on the hexagon. If you hang a picture, you want to make sure its top is parallel to the ceiling. Shapes in geometry are usually based on the angles involved, so the two root words (gon and angle [from the Latin angulus which means the same thing as the Greek gà ´nia]) are combined with words that refer to number (like triangle, above) and equality (like equiangular, above). Although there are apparent exceptions to the rule, generally, the numbers used in combination with the  angle (from the Latin) and gon (from the Greek) are in the same language. Since hexa is Greek for six, youre unlikely to see hexangle. Youre far more likely to see the combined form hexa gon, or hexagon. Another Greek word used in combination with the numbers or with the prefix poly- (many) is hedron, which means a foundation, base, or sitting place. A polyhedron is a many-sided three-dimensional figure. Construct one from cardboard or straws, if you like, and demonstrate its etymology, by making it sit on each of its many bases. Even if it doesnt help to know that a tangent, the line (or is that line segment?) that touches at only one point (depending on the function), comes from the Latin tangere (to touch) or the oddly shaped quadrilateral known as a trapezoid got its name from looking like a table, and even if it doesnt save a lot of time to memorize the Greek and Latin numbers, instead of just the names of shapes if and when you run into them, the etymologies will come back to add color to your world, and to help you with trivia, aptitude tests and word puzzles. And if you ever do run into the terms on a geometry exam, even if panic sets in, youll be able to count through in your head to figure out whether its a regular pentagon or heptagon that you would inscribe with a traditional five-pointed star. * Heres one possible definition, from McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Mathematics: line: The set of points (x1, . . ., xn) in Euclidean space.... The same source defines line segment as A connected piece of a line. ** For the etymology of circle, see Lingwhizt and the possibility of an ancient Indo-European word for millstone, another round flat object.

Instructions for Registering as a Patent Agent

Instructions for Registering as a Patent Agent Filing a patent seems like a clerical job. On the face of it, it sounds like all you need is a little research, a little discovery and put a stamp on a patent and you are done. In reality, the role is a lot more involved than it seems, lets review how. What Is a Patent Agent or Patent Attorney? Whether you are a patent agent or patent attorney, you are generally performing the same roles. Patent agents and patent attorneys both have a degree in engineering or science, and they have to study the patent rules, patent laws and how the patent office works. The steps to becoming a patent agent or attorney are rigorous. The major difference between a patent agent and a patent attorney is that an attorney has additionally graduated from law school, passed the law bar and has the ability to practice law in one or more states in the U.S. The Patent Bar Both agents and attorneys have to take a very difficult examination with a pretty low pass rate to become admitted to the patent bar. The patent bar is officially called the  Examination for Registration to Practice in Patent Cases Before the United States Patent and Trademark Office. The exam is a 100-question, six-hour, multiple-choice test. The applicant is provided three hours to complete 50 questions in the morning, and another three hours to complete 50 questions in the afternoon. The exam contains 10 beta questions which do not count towards the exam takers final score,  but there is no way to know which of the 100 questions are among these 10 ungraded questions. The required score to pass is 70 percent or 63 correct out of the 90 graded questions. Someone who is admitted to the patent bar is permitted legally to represent patent clients in preparing and filing patent applications and then prosecuting them through the examination process in the patent’s office to obtain an issue to patent. Steps Involved Here are the basic steps on how to become a registered patent agent  that are recognized by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. Step Action Description 1a. Get a "Category A" bachelor's degree Obtain a bachelor's degree in a field of science, technology or engineering that is recognized by the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office. 1b. Or, get a "Category B or C" bachelor's degree You can apply if you have a bachelor's degree or foreign equivalency in a similarly related subject and it can be combined with course credits, alternative training, life experiences, military service, graduate degrees and other conditions. If applying with a foreign equivalency degree that is not in English, all documentation must have certified English translations. 2. Apply, study and pass the patent bar exam Apply and study for the patent bar exam and review previous patent bar exams online. This exam is now given by Thomson Prometric anytime, nationwide, and once a year via paper test at a physical location determined by the patent office. 3. Submit documents and fees Complete list of all the documents and submit the required fees and meet all filing deadlines. Disqualifications  From the Patent Bar Those individuals who are not eligible to apply for the patent bar or as a patent agent or attorney include those who have been convicted of a crime within two years or those individuals after two years of a completed sentence do not meet the burden of proof of reform and rehabilitation. Also, ineligible applicants include those who have been disbarred from practice or law or their profession due to a disciplinary hearing or those individuals who are found lacking in good moral character or standing.

Describe hazard, risk, and outrage Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Describe hazard, risk, and outrage - Essay Example There are already several companies which offer conversion kits for any type of car using gasoline. SVO-run vehicles have almost a zero net carbon dioxide emission which is very favorable to the environment (Veg Oil Motoring, n.d.). SVO-run vehicles can run on recycled waste oil from restaurants; thus, producing an exhaust that smells like whatever food was cooked in the oil. Yes, one would consider buying this type of car in the future because aside from the savings on fuel costs, there is reduced emission. Buying this car would mean that one is contributing in his own little way to reduce the cause of global warming. The use of vegetable oil does not harm the environment and poses less risk on the health of the people unlike gasoline-powered automobiles. If one travels 20,000 miles per year and uses gasoline at $3/gallon, one will spend $1,090 per year, assuming one gets 55 miles to a gallon (Middleton, 2011). If one uses SVO which costs $0.89/gallon, one will spend $395 per year, assuming one gets 45 miles to a gallon of SVO. Therefore, total annual savings will be $695 per year or approximately 64% savings. One thinks that the reason why there a few vehicles using SVO is because of the lack of information about it. Vehicle owners do not know whether there are any hazards in converting their cars. They are wary of the risks it poses on their vehicles, if any. Most of these car owners are risk-averse. They are not willing to risk the valuable money which they spent on their cars. People are afraid that conversion of their cars from being gasoline or diesel-run to SVO might damage it. They are also concerned that their insurance companies might charge them additional premiums if they convert. Vehicle owners are worried that it might affect the warranty of their cars. The conversion kit might void the warranty. Another major concern is the question on the performance of the automobile.

History of education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

History of education - Essay Example Therefore, in consideration of various educational philosophies, their similarities and differences in approaches, which points to the possibility of integrating and merging the philosophies to generate a common deliverable, the curriculum and instructional foundation of the school would be based on a combination of perennialism, realism and experimentalism philosophies of education. Perennialism This is a philosophy of education that considers education as a constant for human life, upholding the fact that all humans are constant, except for their ability to reason (Power, 1990). Therefore, perennialism philosophy of education provides that education should be based on rationality; where students are taught the world’s constant and permanent phenomena, with a view to prepare the students for the life they are going to face. According to this educational philosophy, students learn reality and life truths through studying and also through divine acts, where the ability to reaso n and be rational gives rise to goodness itself (Bhattacharya, 2002). Therefore, perennialism as an educational philosophy emphasizes on a high level of discipline and behavioral control, which eventually translates to an all round personality, which is well adaptable to the realities of the world, that easily exudes goodness. The curriculum based on this philosophy would require the study of subjects and doctrines that teaches students the value of rationality, while enabling them to face life as it is. This creates a breed of students who are appreciative of life, and who applies reasoning in each aspect of their undertaking. This enables the students to internalize the life truths, while perceiving the external environmental changes as merely superficial (Pathak, 2007). This educational philosophy is relevant for adoption into the newly created curriculum and instructional foundation, since it would prepare students to face life with all its realities, while also making them more rational and disciplined, which are some of the most relevant virtues for human survival in the world. Realism This is yet another educational philosophy that perceives the world as it is, thus defining the role of school and education as that of teaching students about the world. Realism as an educational philosophy emphasizes on the need to obey the laws of nature, while fitting into the prevailing conditions of the physical world, without any attempts to interfere or change what nature has dictated for the world (Power, 1990). Therefore, this philosophy requires that the school curriculum should be based on subjects and disciplines that correspond to natural observations, such as Mathematics and sciences. Thus, under this educational philosophy, the role of the teacher is to impart the relevant knowledge to the students, with a focus on feeding them the natural facts. The philosophy also requires that order and discipline forms the core aspect of students’ value system, s imilar to the Mother Nature, which is disciplined and orderly, observing natural and predictable trends, unless when it is interfered with, by humans (Bhattacharya, 2002). Thus, this philosophy is not resistant to changes that might occur to the school and in the curriculum applied in teaching the students, since change is

Why we need to call out casual racism Essay Example for Free

Why we need to call out casual racism Essay For the last couple of centuries, the United States of America has been known to be a country where racism exists. Since the United States of America was founded, racism started to grow in this country. The root of the problem started when landowners started to use black slaves to do their work. Since then white people believed they were the superior race. They treated black people as if they were animals. Yes, the U.S. is a racist country, and, we, as human beings need to unite and work together to eliminate this behavior. What is racism? Racism is not knowing anything about someone when you look at them, but disliking them anyway, not because of who they are, but because of how they look or because of the color of their skin. Racism is cowardly, and more importantly, racism is a weakness and an obvious sign of ignorance. So, what is it that makes us racist? More than likely it is fear of the unknown. In other words, it is lack of education. The only way to overcome this ignorance is to educate each other. Since racism is taught and not passed on by genetics from one generation to another, it is something that needs to be made aware of. Parents have the responsibility of teaching their children about this followed by the school where their children go. Back then if a black person was accused of any wrongdoing by a white person, the black person couldn’t testify against a jury and would always be found guilty without a just trial. Even worse, it was very common in the 19th century and early in the 20th century for black people to be lynched or hung if they were accused of any wrongdoing. How can any country allow such cruel acts to be done to any of its citizens? These acts would remind us of something that was done in ancient times when uncivilized people lived and were barbarians. Racism still exists today as there are many examples that show it. The latest example of this happened in Charlottesville, Virginia, where torch-bearing white supremacists shouting racist and anti-Semitic slogans marched in protest for a Southern monument that was going to be removed. Protesters and counter-protesters collided with each other that resulted in  violence  and chaos. A car driven by a known Nazi sympathizer mowed down a crowd of activists and then fled. The president of the United States is also an example of the racist person. He said that both white supremacists and the people against them were to be blamed for what happened. How can a president try to split the blame for what happened at Charlottesville when clearly there was only one side to blame. He also accused Mexicans of being rapist and criminals during his campaign. The only logical thing to think is that he is a racist person. A plan to eliminate, or at least reduce this behavior needs to be implemented. There needs to be a punishment for people who act in a racist manner in the public. For the first offense, a financial fine has to be given to the person who acted in a racist manner. For the second offense, a higher fine should be given to the person. For the third offense, the person should go to prison for a few days or weeks. During his time in prison, the person should receive classes to help eliminate his way of thinking. There need to be classes in schools that teach students to be friendly with people of different race, and show them why being racist is wrong.

Living in a Barbie World :: social issues

Living in a Barbie World She took the world by storm with her luxurious blond hair, blue eyes, and long legs. Soon, little girls all over the world were emulating and praising this eleven-and-a-half-inch-tall plastic doll (Napier). Throughout the decades, she has become an icon to little girls, so much that some are wondering whether the stereotypical ideals for women exemplified by Barbie have affected females in regards to body image. When Barbie first appeared, she bore her trademark black and white swimsuit and swirling ponytail. Over the years as fashion and teenage lifestyle trends have shifted, so has Barbie. She has evolved from having bendable legs, a twisting waist, long hair, and sophisticated look in the 1960s to the athletically inclined Barbie with bendable wrists, elbows, and ankles in the 1970s. In the 1980s, a new friendlier, open-mouthed smiling, and bright-eyed Barbie emerged on the scene (Riddick). Her wardrobe took on a bit of pizzazz in the 1990s when she started sporting clothes created by famous fashion designers such as Calvin Klein and Vera Wang (Fashion). Not only has this doll transformed into an internationally known fashion savvy doll, she has left psychologists and parents wondering if she may be at fault for many female body image problems because of her overly slender stature. It is incredibly amazing that anyone could consider the body measurements of 5'6", 110 pounds, and 39-18-33 attainable or at all a realistic womanly figure (Napier). These are Barbie's measurements in proportion to the size of a real woman and also the spark that started the fire of controversy concerning gender stereotyping in the nation. The accusations by feminists and doctors alike are that Mattel, the manufacturer of the doll, has projected harmful body images onto our female youth by subtly placing these stereotypes into the media and into little girls hands. The psychologists insist that the young girls notice the body shapes of the doll and translate them into what a female should physically look like thus creating a problem down the road such as low self-esteem or an eating disorder (Langley). Although the Barbie manufacturer's prime intention for the doll was to inspire self-esteem, glamour, and friendship, society's stereotypes have caused her much media strife. There has been so much controversy that in 1998 she underwent plastic surgery to reduce her breast size, liposuction her hips, and inject the fat into her waist.

Conclusion The combination of biased emotional sentences Essay

â€Å"It’s very hard to keep personal prejudice out of a thing like this. And no matter where you run into it, prejudice obscures the truth. † This quote from the â€Å"12 angry men† is, probably, the best sum of the bias’s meaning in the movie. Most of the jurors have their own prejudices and some of them play the important role in the movie’s plot. 12 angry men and the role of bias One of the main ideas of this film is that people’s bias often affects on their opinion. The last part of the movie proves this idea clearly. The most biased is juror 3. After the vote 8-4 â€Å"Not guilty† most of the arguments are aimed on his persuasion but juror #3 resists these attempts. At last he confesses he is biased against the young men because of his own conflict with his son. Even when 11 jurors found the boy to be not guilty, the juror #3 doesn’t agree. He is sure that the boy shouldn’t even tell to his father â€Å"I’m gonna kill you,† but the roots of his opinion go back to his own son who punched him in the face. Another biased person is juror#10. His sentences are full of racism and intolerance. He reveals his biases in the following words: â€Å"I’m telling ya, they let those kids run wild up there. Well, maybe it serves ’em right. † Conclusion The combination of biased emotional sentences and the deductive reasonable arguments makes the dialogues in the movie breathtaking and the plot dynamical. References â€Å"12 angry men† – Movie Quotes. Retrieved at http://www. cinemasavvy. com/moviequotes/1/12angrymenquotes. html

Are all the characters in this novella lonely? Essay

In the 1930’s, American ranch workers were living in very lonely, dingy conditions. They would travel for days on end, sleeping rough when and where they had to. They would travel to work long hours for minimum wage. George and Lennie were no exception to this. From the beginning they have to sleep rough whilst they are travelling to Soledad, which also is also the Spanish word for â€Å"lonely†. We find out from the beginning that George and Lennie are complete opposites of each other. George is described as being smaller and slimmer than Lennie, who is very tall and big built. We also see that Lennie tries to copy George a lot, as they both wear the same clothing, and carry their gear in the same way. â€Å"They had walked in single file down the path, and even it the open one stayed behind the other.† This quotation is important because this shows us that Lennie follows George as if he was his mother. This also shows us that Lennie isn’t capable of thinking for himself, so he has to rely on George, being his mother figure, to do everything for him. We can see that George can easily lose his temper with Lennie, when Lennie refuses to get rid of the dead mouse in his pocket. â€Å"George stood up and threw the mouse as far as he could†¦/ don’t you think I could see your feet was wet where you went across the river to get it?† In chapter two, the unequal relationship between the stable buck and the rest of the ranch workers when Candy talks to George; â€Å"He was sure burned when you weren’t here this morning†¦/ An’ he gave the stable buck hell, too.† When the boss gets angry, he takes it out on the stable buck, as he cannot defend himself, partly because of his crooked spine, but also because if he did fight back, then the boss would probably have him killed because of the ethnic differences. In chapter four, the first reasons for Crooks’ loneliness show through. Firstly, he does not sleep with the other ranch workers; he sleeps inside the harness room by himself. The only things he has inside his ‘room’ are â€Å"a mauled copy of the California civil code for 1905†, and â€Å"a tattered dictionary†. The California civil code in his room shows us that he has been educated in his youth, and that he also knows his personal rights. The dictionary in his room shows us that he has tried to understand every word in his California civil code. In this chapter, it is quite obvious that Curley’s wife is going to be lonely, as she is the only woman on the ranch. â€Å"Sat’iday night. Ever’ body out doin’ som’pin†¦/ an’ likin’ it because they ain’t nobody else.† This quotation speaks for itself really, as she is complaining about having to spend time with Lenny, Candy and Crooks. She has to speak with the â€Å"losers† of the ranch and like it because there is no-one else for her to talk to. Another reason why she is lonely is because of the way that Curley treats her. â€Å"Sure I gotta husban’. You all seen him†¦/ â€Å"Jus’ the ol’ one-two an’ he’ll go down†Ã¢â‚¬  She is telling us that Curley doesn’t care about her at all, and that she obviously doesn’t like the way that she’s being treated. In chapter 5, on page 100, Steinbeck creates a feeling of shock and quiet reflection through the shattering of their dream. â€Å"Before George answered, Candy dropped his head and looked down at the bay. He knew.† At the end of page 100, George quickly comes up with a plan. This creates a feeling of pace and action. This signifies the calm before the storm, in tune with the same technique the author had used earlier in the book before Lenny killed Curley’s wife, and at the very beginning of the book. In conclusion, it is quite clear that all the characters in this novella are lonely in their own way. George is lonely in the end after he kills Lenny, this parallels the shooting of Candy’s dog ~ both are shot to protect them from further pain. Candy loses his only companion when Carlson shoots his dog for the selfish reason that it smells. Curley’s wife is lonely throughout the novella until Lenny accidentally kills her, and at the end of chapter 4, Crooks returns to his old self, as he rejects Candy and the others. Crooks chooses to be lonely, however, as he feels safe by himself.

Relationship between Christians and Jews

Relationship between Christians and Jews In Europe, especially Germany there was a certain separateness of language and culture between Christian Europeans and the Jews. Though, this was noticed during the time of emerging heresy (new faith) in Europe.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Christians and Jews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, Christianity was declared the official religion of the Roman Empire in the fourth century, but surprisingly Judaism was singled out as one of the rival religions to be protected by the church when the Roman Empire crumbled in the then Western Europe. Accordingly well-organized governance and order also crumbled with it, which brought about the medieval ages (Dark ages). However, St. Paul’s doctrine remained and was basically an admonishment of some of the mosaic laws. In line with this, it made the Jews view Christianity as blasphemy against God and their faith (Birnbaum 107). Additio nally, the papal institutions that came into being after the fall of the Roman Empire led to the accusations of Jewry blasphemy against the church (Christian faith) on the basis that the Jews had inflicted torture and murdered the Messiah under the sign of the cross. Furthermore, the papal church began an inquisition and direct punishment of heresy in the Kingdom of France under the director of the cathedral school in Mainz Conrad of Marburg. The papal church considered the interethnic coexistence between the Jews and Arabs with hostilities. However, the Christians in northern Europe were still divided and did not accept Jewry in their social order as did the Arab society. Generally the view of Christians towards Jews has been their interpretation about the role of the Jews in the life and death of Jesus Christ and their accusation of the Jews as the murderers of Christ. In modern times very few people in Europe still hold these convictions. Nevertheless, modern study and psychology has brought about the feeling that, though the ancients Jews were guilty of Christ’s death. The Jews still had very close ties which united them with Christ, since they the Jews were of the same race with Christ, and witnessed of his death and resurrection. The modern Christians in Europe and elsewhere has since come to realise that, â€Å"Christ became the redeemer only because he was crucified† thus, holding the Jews responsible for the crime from which the Christians reap moral and psychological belief.Advertising Looking for essay on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conditions that brought about the persecution of the Jews in the High Middle ages. A common view that led to the persecution of the Jews in the High middle ages is because of the ecclesiastical pressure to Christendom of Jews, and rulers eventually bowed to ecclesiastical demands. In England, the King alone profited, the nobility believed that Jews posed a constant threat, hence, the nobility pressed for expulsion, just as it sought to destroy the Jews of York in 1191, Seeing in the Jews the Kings hated financial agents (Levy 21). Why persecution is not possible today In the modern era the holy book (Bible) has become something that both unites and separates Jews and Christians. Additionally, in the 19th century a body of Jewish Christians was formed in England by Rabinowitz. Though, it caused great controversy, but it was still supported by some Jewish Christian leaders. However it grew significantly into the twentieth century and spread to other parts of the world. To understand the relationship between the Christians and Jews, there must be an appreciation of both of them, in that, without the Jews Christianity would not have existed. (Frojmovic 34). There must be dissemination of knowledge on the issue of Judaism not being evil or linked with the death of Christ. Though, modern theology and doctrine has striven to tackle the problem and thus building of the relationship between the Jews and Christians which necessitated the calmness and peace they both share. Moreover, there is impressive unification between the Christians and Jewish. Additionally, the Jews in Europe are now accepted and recognised since the creation of Israel. Though many migrated to the newly founded country, while many opted to remain in Europe and keep their citizenships. With these remarkable events it would be quite difficult for anti-Semitism to show its ugly face in Europe due to the modern political and socio-economic order which have been put in place.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship between Christians and Jews specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Birnbaum, Salomo A. Yiddish: a survey and a grammar. Manchester: Manchester University Press ND, 1979. Frojmovic, Eva. Imagining the self, imagining the other: visual repr esentation and Jewish-Christian dynamics in the Middle Ages and early modern period. Laiden, The Netherland: BRILL, 2002. Levy, Richard S. Antisemitism: a historical encyclopedia of prejudice and persecution, Volume 2. Santa Barbra, California: ABC-CLIO, 2005.

The U.S. Midterm Elections and Their Importance

The U.S. Midterm Elections and Their Importance The U.S. midterm elections give Americans the opportunity to rearrange the political makeup of the U.S. Congress in both the Senate and the House of Representatives  every two years. Examples of Midterm Election Impact Falling right in the middle of the four-year term of the President of the United States, the midterm elections are often viewed as an opportunity to express satisfaction or frustration with the presidents performance. In practice, it is not uncommon for the minority political party (the party not controlling the White House) to gain seats in Congress during the midterm election. In each midterm election, one-third of the 100 Senators (who serve six-year terms), and all 435 Members of the House of Representatives (who serve for two years) are up for reelection. Election of Representatives Since becoming federal law in 1911, the number of members in the U.S. House of Representatives has remained at 435. All 435 representatives are up for reelection in each mid-term congressional election. The number of representatives from each state is determined by the states population as reported in the decennial U.S. Census. Through a process called apportionment, each state is divided into a number of congressional districts. One representative is elected from each congressional district. While all registered voters in a state may vote for senators, only the registered voters residing in the congressional district that the candidate will represent may vote for representatives. As required by Article I, Section 2 of the Constitution, to be elected as a U.S. Representative a person must be at least 25 years of age when sworn in, have been a U.S. citizen for at least seven years, and must be a resident of the state from which he or she is elected. Election of Senators There is a total of 100 U.S. Senators, two representing each of the 50 states. In the midterm election, approximately one-third of the senators (who serve for six years) is up for reelection. Because their six-year terms are staggered, both senators from a given state are never up for reelection at the same time. Prior to 1913 and the ratification of the 17th Amendment, U.S. Senators were selected by their state legislatures, rather than by a direct vote of the people they would represent. The Founding Fathers felt that since the senators represented an entire state, they should be elected by a vote of the state legislature. Today, two senators are elected to represent each state and all registered voters in the state may vote for senators. Election winners are determined by the plurality rule. This means the candidate who gets the most votes wins the election. For example, in an election with three candidates, one candidate may receive only 38 percent of the vote, another 32 percent, and the third 30 percent. Although no candidate has received more than 50 percent of the votes, the candidate with 38 percent wins because he or she won the most, or a plurality of, votes. In order to run for the Senate, Article I, Section 3 of the Constitution requires that a person be at least 30 years old by the time he or she takes the oath of office, be a citizen of the United States for at least nine years, and be a resident of the state from which he or she is elected. In Federalist No. 62, James Madison justified these more stringent qualifications for senators by arguing that the senatorial trust called for a greater extent of information and stability of character. About the Primary Elections In most states, primary elections are held to determine which congressional candidates will be on the final mid-term election ballot in November. If a partys candidate is unopposed, there may not be a primary election for that office. Third-party candidates are chosen by their partys rules, while independent candidates may nominate themselves. Independent candidates and those representing minor parties must meet various state requirements to be placed on the general election ballot. For example, they may be required to present a petition bearing the signatures of a certain number of registered voters.

E-insurance in UAE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

E-insurance in UAE - Essay Example It looks at how e-business can reshape the insurance industry in the coming years. The research attains this end by addressing the following objectives: 1. A critical examination of the essential components of e-insurance 2. An assessment of the United Arab Emirates' business and socio-cultural terrain 3. An evaluation of the chances of successful implementation of e-insurance in the UAE. The propagation of the World Wide Web (WWW) and all other communication technology has created new dynamic channels through which insurance companies can promote and sell their services. Insurers can now provide services twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week at a low cost and over broader geographical area. Besides these opportunities, this research will highlight the problems associated with e-business in insurance sectors for both the insurer and insured, e.g. privacy issues, security payments, lack of information, the level of advice needed and other issues related to electronic business. Th e researcher will use structured questionnaires to collect data and then test results to answer and understand the questions, thus evaluating the current potential of e-insurance in the UAE market. ... This is in the interests of both parties. Chapter 2 Literature review: This component of the research undertakes the definition of the key elements and aspects of the main components of the research. This include the structures of e-business and e-insurance, the Emirati society and other relevant elements needed for the successful implementation of e-insurance strategies in a given nation. 2.1 E-business Since E-business forms the framework within which e-insurance operates, there is the need to look at it in detail. 2.1.1 Defining e-business "Electronic business can be defined as the use of the internet to network and empower business process, electronic commerce, organizational communication and collaboration within company and with it customer, suppliers and other stakeholders" (Combe, 2006). In other words, it refers to the use of the Internet and other electronic system to conduct business. This enables people to conduct business over a considerably large distance and attain the same results as those who do so in a face-to-face manner. The difference between e-commerce and e-business lies in the wider range of processes that e-business applies. Authors like Chaffey (2004) state that e-commerce can best be conceived as a subset of e- business, i.e. it represents selling and buying transactions in the wider e-business world, containing other procedures and elements, such as online customer services, electronic marketing, secure payments and other processes. From another point of view though, e-commerce can be see to be a branch of e-business. Thus, whilst e-commerce is concerned with buying and selling, e-business is concerned with the integration of major business activities, like advertising, customer care and the like

Discuss the impact of race, class and culture on responses to Black Essay

Discuss the impact of race, class and culture on responses to Black and minority ethnic womens experiences of domestic violence - Essay Example Therefore, this essay will discuss how the differences in race, class and culture varies the response of minority ethnic or black women’s response to domestic violence. For example, many black women would rather live in an abusive relationship instead of living singly forever (Mama, 2000 in Hanmer & Itzin, 2000). On the other hand, a white woman may not stand being a victim and demand separation. This example portrays how differently people of different cultures and ethnic backgrounds respond to domestic violence. However, this paper will discuss this in detail, while supporting arguments with various books and journals. Further more, the facts will be critically analyzed and evaluated. Additionally, subheadings will be used to categorize the important aspects of the topic. Blacks: In America, Blacks are those people of any known African Black ancestry, according to the â€Å"one-drop† rule that determined even a single drop of â€Å"Black blood† would make a person Black (Davis, n.d., p.5). Concerning who Blacks are, Graham (2002) commented that â€Å"Blacks were persons having origins in any of the black racial groups of Africa† (p. 145). â€Å"A group numerically inferior to the rest of the population of a State, in a non-dominant position, whose members being nationals of the State possess ethnic, religious or linguistic characteristics differing from those of the rest of the population and show, if only implicitly, a sense of solidarity, directed towards preserving their culture, traditions, religion or language†. (Caportorti, 1991, as cited by Malanczuk & Akehurst, 1997, p. 106) Domestic violence: this term is many a times referred to as â€Å"intimate partner violence/spouse abuse† (Castle, Kulkami & Abel, 2006: 93). One definition of domestic violence can be a trend of forceful authority which makes up physical, sexual and/or psychological assault toward an intimate partner, either current or former. There is no actual UK

Edit application Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Edit application - Essay Example Just after I entered University, my problems began that affected my ability to concentrate on my studies resulting in the seven repeats. In 2010, my mother wanted to divorce my father to which father declined resulting in constant fighting between my parents affecting my ability to concentrate on my studies resulting in a low-grade, and I got low grades. The effect was I had to go back-on-track program in 2010, but within the same year my father went away leaving my mother without any money, and he did not provide any money for my upkeep either. Access to finances became a major problem since my mother was not in a position to find a job because she cannot speak English. I have to work to get money to finance our upkeep spending more of the time than I could concentrate on the studies. After completing the back-on-track program, I did not have enough finances for my schooling, and I had to apply for a student loan. In the time, I developed mental pressure and irregular rest owing to my school and job responsibilities to take care of myself and my mother that resulted in stomach pains. I was forced to frequently seek medical attention from the the family doctor in 2012 that in turn referred me to a specialist for further medical attention with the stomach pains increasing and affecting my studies. After medical attention from the specialist, I was informed that the cause of the stomach pains was too much pressure and in a bad mental state. By the end of 2012, I was admitted for emergency owing to a lot of stomach pain, and I spit blood. The sickness and family pressure affected my ability to concentrate on my studies resulting in the repeats. The stomach pains did not recede even after treatment, and I was forced to take a term of in 2013 spring taking the time to go back to China for treatment. From that point forward my health situation improved and I was in a position to start my University education again. I took Math 157, Econ 103,

Meeting Needs of Children with Incarcerated Mothers

Meeting Needs of Children with Incarcerated Mothers RESTRICTED CHAPTER FIVE FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS INTRODUCTION This study was aimed to determine whether the basic needs are met or not by the children of incarcerated mothers in Welikada prison. This chapter facilitates a discussion on the testing and finding relevance to the previous chapter corresponding to the defined hypothesis. Further, facts and figures and results will be discussed and it will also analyse the cross references to the literature reviewed. DISCUSSION BASED ON THE LITREATURE REVIEW As per the World Bank definition â€Å"Early childhood is the most rapid period of development in a human life. Although individual children develop at their own pace, all children progress through an identifiable sequence of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and change. The Early Child Development (ECD) approach is based on the proven fact that young children respond best when caregivers use specific techniques designed to encourage and stimulate progress to the next level of development†. Many theorists have developed different concepts on the child development process, but once analyse all those very carefully, it seems that the idea is almost same which they have tried to prove. These theorists have discussed the development of human life in different stages of ages, here it is considered only the early childhood development up to the age of 5 years. Based on the literature review, it was analysed the international policy and trends in the care of children born behind bars. Most of the countries adopt the similar procedure that when a pregnant woman is imprisoned, she will be transferred to an outside hospital to give the child birth. This will be done to ensure the appropriate medical care and to avoid the place of birth place being as prison in the birth certificate. 5. In some countries, just after the child birth, they are separated from mother and kept in foster care or handed over to their relatives. This will negatively be affected to the children’s basic needs in their early childhood development such as breastfeeding, mother’s care and mother-child interaction and bond. However, in most states, the breastfeeding is encouraged. Many arguments indicate that child should not be separated from his mother in early stage of a child. In some of the low income countries, the baby delivery is carried out in the pris on. This will give number of health complications for both mother and child. Although some of facilities are available in the prison environment for the child living, they are not directly addressed to the children’s mental, emotional and physical development needs. In some prisons like in Cambodia and India, the mothers and children are not provided with adequate and also extra foods for children, clean water, washing and hygiene facilities, etc. Further, the children’s access to play, education, social interaction with other children and also to the outside of the prison environment are not properly addressed. Due to these reasons, the children of incarcerated mothers face many difficulties in their early childhood while living in the prison environment. Therefore, these literatures indicate that children born behind the bars are facing many development difficulties in their early childhood. However, some prisons like in Canada and Austria provide well advance facilities for mothers and child living in the prison as compared to the other prisons in the world. Although the adequate facilities are provided, the only drawback is the interaction of the children to the outside society is poor. This will affect to the children’s emotional, psychological and social development. (INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK) DISCUSSION BASED ON THE DATA PRESENTATION AND FINDINGS This sample survey was mainly focused to the mothers of children born behind the bars in Sri Lankan prisons. Due to the existing limitations for conduct this research, this survey was restricted only to Welikada prison. During the conduct of survey, it was found that only there were 16 children mothered to 15 incarcerated women. One woman had two children. The existing policy for care of mothers and children was thoroughly analysed during this survey. The pregnant mothers are provided maternity care from outside government hospitals same as other women and also it helps the children to avoid their birth place as prison in their birth certificate. Although the nursery facilities are not functioned as outside, it helps the children to develop their educational, language and cognitive development needs. Further, when the child comes to the age 5 years, he will be separated from the mother and handover to his relatives of kept in foster care. It seems a positive sign that child may get a opportunity to expose to the outside society. SURVIVAL AND LIFE SUSTAINING NEEDS The sample survey highlights some positive signs related to the survival and life sustaining needs for the children of incarcerated mothers in Welikada prison. Though the pure water, food, air, cloths and warmth are satisfactorily addressed, there is some shortage of cloths, variety of food items and extra foods. The provision of same types of food every day will lead the children to refuse the meals. However, these concerns are minor and probably better when consider the respondents’ socio-economic situations in outside the prison. Further, the children are provided with breastfeeding and being with mothers throughout the imprisonment until the child’s age of 5 years. These aspects are positively driven to the children’s physical, emotional developments. LIFE EMBELLESHING NEEDS The needs for the life embellishing development such as provision of toys, some fantasy and entertainment activities are not addressed satisfactorily, but they get enough opportunities to play with other children in the prison premises. However, these activities are restricted to a one particular area inside the prison wall. This restrictive environment hampered the children’s opportunities to explore as well as experience a variety of stimuli. Hence, these areas do not enhance the developmental opportunities of a child through the play. This will negatively affect to the children’s physical, social and emotional development. LIFE PROTECTING NEEDS Both the children and mothers are provided with the separate accommodation without merging with other prisoners, but it is not separated for each mother and child, everybody is living together in a single hall sharing two toilets amongst them. This affects to the child and mother’s well-being and hygienic issues and result in environmental stressors. The toilets and the accommodation areas are not always kept in very clean. The use of two toilets daily by 16 children and 15 mothers is a big issue which children face in the prison premises. Sleeping facilities for mother and child at Welikada prison is not beneficial for the development young children. It is depersonalising and depriving. It makes further worst by the situation that mothers and their children are confined to this area for longer period. The impacts of those are reflected in the mothers’ emotional state and then to the children. It seems that though the children and mothers are separated from other prisoners, the women prisoners have access to children’s living area. This will create number of negative effects on children such as expose to their bad behaviour and languages. It will obviously become a threat to the security of the children and especially for their physical development. Further, there may be some psychological effect on children as creating a unusual fear on men due to the children are always interact only with the women prisoners. On the other hand, these children are at a risk of child abuse and sexual harassment by the other prisoners. The health care facilities provided for the mothers and their children are not fully satisfied. The pregnant mothers have to go outside government hospitals for clinics and baby delivery, but it is also not a regularly happening. Once the baby delivery is done, the provision of care of Midwives for mother and baby will not be available in the prison premises. Further, if someone becomes ill during the night, there is no any medical section to deal with that and they need to call for prison authority for the arrangement to take the patient to outside government hospital. Further, the immunization vaccines are given to the children of different age categories, but the findings realized that they are not getting it at correct time. In accordance with the findings of children’s low weight, shortness and deficiency of vitamins are badly affected to the child development. These indicators show that children face many difficulties during their early childhood development. LIFE DEVELOPING NEEDS The children get enough leisure time and their mothers are also not engaging any activity other than their children. The available nursery helps children to enhance their educational measurer. The children’s access to freedom and thought and information is very low. They have been provided with one television in the hall, but it will not suffice to fulfil the requirement of the children. Above facts clearly indicate that these children have lesser possibility to expose to the outside society. Hence, this will lead to the risk of negative social and academic outcomes and unusual fear to outside people once they discharge from the prison. Further, they have opportunities to participate the religious activities inside the prison, but no cultural activities take place. All above factors discussed are directly affected to the social, emotional and cognitive development of a child. LIFE ENRICHING NEEDS In this aspect, children are benefitted up to certain extent through the prison nursery education. Though they have been tried to develop in this field, children are always exposed to prisoners and their environment. Hence, it is very difficult to get rid of them from that particular society system. Ultimately, this may be resulted to the risk of school failure and fall into conduct some criminals once they come out from the prisons. MOTHER-CHILD INTERACTION AND BOND Mother-child interaction and bond may not be happened automatically, but it may develop gradually over the time which they live together. In the Sri Lankan prison policy, mothers are allowed to keep their children up to the age of 5 years during their incarceration. It was proved during the sampling survey that the attachment existing between mothers and children is either anxious or ambivalent. Based on the literature review and findings from all the surveys, it is concluded that the best interest for the child is not to incarcerate with his mother. RELATIONSHIP WITH OTHERS It is obvious that a child who stays with his incarcerated mother will not have opportunities to form an attachment with the rest of his family (especially with father), relatives and others in the society. In this regard it can be concluded that the child who stays with his incarcerated mother is prevented and restricted in his social development. However, it can be concluded as the prison environment is not favourable to the physical, emotional, social and psychological development of a child.